2017 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview

2017 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview - PDF Version (2.36 MB)

Public Works and Government Services Canada

Cat. No.: PS1-3E-PDF

ISSN: 1713-1073

This document was produced by the Public Safety Canada Portfolio Corrections Statistics Committee which is composed of representatives of Public Safety Canada, Correctional Service Canada, Parole Board of Canada, the Office of the Correctional Investigator and the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (Statistics Canada).

Table of contents

Preface

This document provides a statistical overview of corrections and conditional release within a context of trends in crime and criminal justice. A primary consideration in producing this overview was to present general statistical information in a "user friendly" way that will facilitate understanding by a broad audience. Accordingly, there are a number of features of this document that make it different from typical statistical reports.

The Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO) has been published annually since 1998. Readers are advised that in some instances figures have been revised from earlier publications. Also, the total number of offenders will vary slightly depending on the characteristics of the data set.

It is hoped that this document will serve as a useful source of statistical information on corrections and conditional release and assist the public in gaining a better understanding of these important components of the criminal justice system.

Regarding police crime data from Statistics Canada, until the late 1980s, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) survey provided aggregate counts of the number of incidents reported to police and the number of persons charged by type of offence. With the advent of microdata reporting, the UCR has become an "incident-based" survey (UCR2), collecting in-depth information about each criminal incident. The update to this new survey, as well as revisions to the definitions of violent crime, property crime, and other Criminal Code offences has resulted in data only being available from 1998 to the present. It is worth noting that the Total Crime Rates presented in the CCRSO differ from those reported by Statistics Canada in their publications. The Total Crime Rates reported in the CCRSO include offences (i.e., traffic offences in the Canadian Criminal Code and violations of federal statutes) that are excluded in the rates published by Statistics Canada.

Contributing Partners

Public Safety Canada

Public Safety Canada is Canada's lead federal department for public safety, which includes emergency management, national security and community safety. Its many responsibilities include developing legislation and policies that govern corrections, implementing innovative approaches to community justice, and providing research expertise and resources to the corrections community.

Correctional Service Canada

The mandate of Correctional Service Canada, as set out in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, is to contribute to the maintenance of a just, peaceful and safe society by carrying out sentences imposed by courts through the safe and humane custody and supervision of offenders with sentences of two years or more, and assisting in the rehabilitation of offenders and their reintegration into the community as law-abiding citizens through the provision of programs in penitentiaries and in the community.

Parole Board of Canada

The Parole Board of Canada is an independent administrative tribunal responsible for making decisions about the timing and conditions of release of offenders into the community on various forms of conditional release. The Board also makes pardon decisions and recommendations respecting clemency through the Royal Prerogative of Mercy.

Office of the Correctional Investigator

The Office of the Correctional Investigator is an ombudsman for federal offenders. It conducts investigations into the problems of offenders related to decisions, recommendations, acts or omissions of the Correctional Service of Canada that affect offenders individually or as a group.

Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (Statistics Canada)

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) is a division of Statistics Canada. The CCJS is the focal point of a federal-provincial-territorial partnership, known as the National Justice Statistics Initiative, for the collection of information on the nature and extent of crime and the administration of civil and criminal justice in Canada.

Section A. Context - Crime and the Criminal Justice System

Police-reported crime rate has been decreasing since 1998

Figure A1

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See Figure F1 for rates based on victimization surveys (drawn from the General Social Survey), an alternative method of measuring crime.

Police-reported crime rate has been decreasing since 1998

Table A1
Year Type of Offense
Violent** Property** Traffic Other CCC** Drugs Other Fed. Statutes Total*
1998 1,345 5,696 496 1,051 235 119 8,915
1999 1,440 5,345 388 910 264 128 8,474
2000 1,494 5,189 370 924 287 113 8,376
2001 1,473 5,124 393 989 288 123 8,390
2002 1,441 5,080 379 991 296 128 8,315
2003 1,435 5,299 373 1,037 274 115 8,532
2004 1,404 5,123 379 1,072 306 107 8,391
2005 1,389 4,884 378 1,052 290 97 8,090
2006 1,387 4,809 376 1,050 295 87 8,004
2007 1,354 4,525 402 1,029 308 90 7,707
2008 1,334 4,258 437 1,039 308 100 7,475
2009 1,322 4,122 435 1,017 291 94 7,281
2010 1,292 3,838 420 1,029 321 96 6,996
2011 1,236 3,536 424 1,008 330 94 6,627
2012 1,198 3,435 406 1,000 317 103 6,459
2013 1,093 3,147 386 954 310 79 5,970
2014 1,041 3,090 364 915 294 71 5,776
2015 1,066 3,218 351 926 278 70 5,910
2016 1,052 3,207 342 965 263 76 5,905

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Rates are based on incidents reported per 100,000 population.

Due to rounding, rates may not add up to totals.

Crime rates are higher in the west and highest in the north

Figure A2

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Rates are based on 100,000 population.
Unlike Statistics Canada, the Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year’s report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview

Crime rates are higher in the west and highest in the north

Table A2
Province/Territory Crime Rate*
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Newfoundland & Labrador 6,843 6,677 6,216 6,364 6,478
Prince Edward Island 7,360 6,542 5,307 4,679 4,949
Nova Scotia 7,142 6,411 6,222 5,686 5,540
New Brunswick 6,276 5,475 5,071 5,512 5,292
Quebec 5,198 4,699 4,315 4,209 4,067
Ontario 4,611 4,182 4,001 3,995 4,032
Manitoba 9,743 8,720 8,399 8,900 9,447
Saskatchewan 13,555 12,543 12,131 12,790 13,305
Alberta 8,203 7,964 7,986 8,842 8,801
British Columbia 9,062 8,537 8,605 8,761 8,675
Yukon Territory 22,716 26,138 26,391 26,000 24,320
Northwest Territories 51,308 48,536 46,654 47,222 43,457
Nunavut 40,565 34,663 32,668 34,441 35,791
Canada 6,459 5,970 5,776 5,910 5,905

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Rates are based on 100,000 population.

Unlike Statistics Canada, the Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Canada's incarceration rate is high relative to most western European countries

Figure A3

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: World Prison Population List online (retrieved November 10, 2017 at www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total).

Note:

The incarceration rate, in this figure, is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Population List are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. Due to variations in the availability of information, the 2006 and 2008 dates reported in Figure A3 refer to when the World Prison Population Lists (Seventh and Eighth Editions respectively) were published, but may not necessarily correspond to the date the data were obtained. For 2017, the data was retrieved online on November 10, 2017 from www.prisonstudies.org which contains the most up-to-date information available. These data reflect incarceration rates based on the country's population. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Canada's incarceration rate is high relative to most western European countries

Table A3
  2004 20061* 20082* 20113* 20124* 20135* 20146* 20157* 20168* 20179*
United States 723 738 756 743 730 716 707 698 693 666
New Zealand 168 186 185 199 194 192 190 190 203 214
England & Wales 141 148 153 155 154 148 149 148 147 146
Scotland 136 139 152 155 151 147 144 144 142 138
Australia 120 126 129 133 129 130 143 151 152 168
Canada 107 107 116 117 114 118 118 106 114 114
Italy 96 104 92 110 109 106 88 86 90 95
Austria 110 105 95 104 104 98 99 95 93 94
France 91 85 96 102 102 101 102 100 103 103
Germany 98 95 89 87 83 79 81 78 78 77
Switzerland 81 83 76 79 76 82 87 84 83 82
Sweden 81 82 74 78 70 67 57 60 53 57
Denmark 70 77 63 74 74 73 67 61 58 59
Norway 65 66 69 73 73 72 75 71 74 74
Finland 66 75 64 59 59 58 55 57 55 57

Source: International Centre for Prison Studies: 1 World Prison Population List (Seventh Edition); 2 World Prison Population List (Eighth Edition); 3 World Prison Population List online (retrieved October 7, 2011 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php), 4 World Prison Population List online (retrieved October 15, 2012 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php). 5 World Prison Population List online (retrieved November 20, 2013 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php). 6 World Prison Population List online (retrieved December 8, 2014 at www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief). 7 World Prison Population List (retrieved November 20, 2015 at www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total). 8 World Prison Population List online (retrieved December 6, 2016 at www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total). 9 World Prison Population List online (retrieved November 10, 2017 at www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total).

Note:

*Incarceration rates from the World Prison Population List are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. Due to variations in the availability of information, the 2006 and 2008 dates reported in Table A3 refer to when the World Prison Population Lists (Seventh and Eighth Editions respectively) were published, but may not necessarily correspond to the date the data were obtained. For 2017, the data was retrieved online on November 10, 2017 at www.prisonstudies.org which contains the most up to date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures. Rates are based on 100,000 population.

The rate of adults charged has declined

Figure A4

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

The rate of adults charged has declined

Table A4
Year Type of Offense
Violent** Property** Traffic Other CCC** Drugs Other Fed. Statutes Total Charged*
1998 563 677 374 430 168 24 2,236
1999 590 632 371 396 185 30 2,203
2000 615 591 349 411 198 26 2,190
2001 641 584 349 451 202 28 2,256
2002 617 569 336 460 199 29 2,211
2003 598 573 326 476 172 23 2,168
2004 584 573 314 490 187 30 2,180
2005 589 550 299 479 185 29 2,131
2006 594 533 300 498 198 27 2,150
2007 577 499 298 521 208 28 2,132
2008 576 487 307 540 207 31 2,149
2009 585 490 311 532 201 34 2,152
2010 576 473 295 545 211 32 2,132
2011 548 441 271 527 213 34 2,034
2012 540 434 268 535 202 37 2,016
2013 504 415 242 518 200 26 1,904
2014 486 397 232 518 190 18 1,840
2015 498 401 228 531 180 21 1,859
2016 498 375 219 598 167 22 1,878

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Rates are based on 100,000 population, 18 years of age and older.

Due to rounding, rates may not add up to totals.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Administration of justice cases account for 23% of cases in adult courts

Figure A5

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Cases completed in adult criminal courts.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the "most serious decision" rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the "most serious offence" rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

Administration of justice cases account for 23% of cases in adult courts

Table A5
Type of Charge Criminal Code and Other Federal Statute Charges
2013-14 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 2015-16 2015-16
  # % # % # %
Crimes Against the Person 87,887 23.19 80,995 23.01 80,583 23.54
Homicide and Related 278 0.07 262 0.07 228 0.07
Attempted Murder 202 0.05 158 0.04 184 0.05
Robbery 3,669 0.97 3,318 0.94 3,354 0.98
Sexual Assault 3,135 0.83 2,753 0.78 2,839 0.83
Other Sexual Offences 3,661 0.97 3,564 1.01 3,650 1.07
Major Assault (Levels 2 & 3) 20,009 5.28 18,644 5.30 18,677 5.46
Common Assault (Level 1) 34,169 9.01 30,518 8.67 30,424 8.89
Uttering Threats 16,546 4.37 15,849 4.50 15,333 4.48
Criminal Harassment 3,325 0.88 3,006 0.85 3,022 0.88
Other Crimes Against Persons 2,893 0.76 2,923 0.83 2,872 0.84
Crimes Against Property 85,301 22.50 80,468 22.86 80,221 23.44
Theft 37,522 9.90 35,196 10.00 34,970 10.22
Break and Enter 10,388 2.74 9,458 2.69 9,410 2.75
Fraud 11,964 3.16 11,371 3.23 11,252 3.29
Mischief 13,248 3.49 12,418 3.53 12,330 3.60
Possession of Stolen Property 10,636 2.81 10,441 2.97 10,705 3.13
Other Property Crimes 1,543 0.41 1,584 0.45 1,554 0.45
Administration of Justice 84,213 22.22 78,365 22.26 77,993 22.79
Fail to Appear 4,497 1.19 3,892 1.11 4,015 1.17
Breach of Probation 32,035 8.45 30,716 8.73 30,616 8.94
Unlawfully at Large 2,642 0.70 2,616 0.74 2,543 0.74
Fail to Comply with Order 36,362 9.59 33,159 9.42 32,990 9.64
Other Admin. Justice 8,677 2.29 7,982 2.27 7,829 2.29
Other Criminal Code 16,341 4.31 15,419 4.38 15,500 4.53
Weapons 9,600 2.53 9,693 2.75 10,212 2.98
Prostitution 924 0.24 388 0.11 184 0.05
Disturbing the Peace 1,338 0.35 1,136 0.32 1,046 0.31
Residual Criminal Code 4,479 1.18 4,202 1.19 4,058 1.19
Criminal Code Traffic 54,666 14.42 49,346 14.02 45,056 13.16
Impaired Driving 44,476 11.73 39,585 11.25 35,379 10.34
Other CC Traffic 10,190 2.69 9,761 2.77 9,677 2.83
Other Federal Statutes 50,650 13.36 47,428 13.47 42,921 12.54
Drug Possession 15,072 3.98 13,677 3.89 12,427 3.63
Other Drug Offences 10,434 2.75 9,228 2.62 8,319 2.43
Residual Federal Statutes 25,144 6.63 24,523 6.97 22,175 6.48
Total Offences 379,058 100.00 352,021 100.00 342,274 100.00

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Cases completed in adult criminal courts.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected. The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

Most adult custodial sentences ordered by the court are short

Figure A6

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Data from 2015-2016 were not available during the preparation of this report.

*The decision type guilty" includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Excludes cases where length of prison sentence and/or sex was not known, data for Manitoba as information on sentence length was not available.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, totals may not add up to 100 percent.

Most adult custodial sentences ordered by the court are short

Table A6
Length of Prison Sentence % 2010-11 % 2011-12 % 2012-13 % 2013-14 % 2014-15
1 Month or Less
Women 66.7 67.5 67.8 66.3 68.9
Men 51.4 52.6 53.2 53.0 56.4
Total 53.0 54.3 54.9 54.5 57.9
More Than 1 Month up to 6 Months
Women 24.7 23.9 24.1 25.1 23.6
Men 33.9 33.2 32.6 32.9 31.4
Total 32.9 32.2 31.6 32.0 30.5
More Than 6 Months up to 12 Months
Women 3.8 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.6
Men 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 5.6
Total 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.4
More Than 1 Year up to Less Than 2 Years
Women 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.3 1.8
Men 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.2
Total 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.1
2 Years or More
Women 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1
Men 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.3
Total 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.2

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Excludes cases where length of prison sentence and/or sex was not known, data for Manitoba as information on both sentence length was not available.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, totals may not add up to 100 percent.

Relatively few crimes result in sentences to federal penitentiaries

Figure A7

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: 1 Uniform Crime Reporting Survey-2, Adult Criminal Court Survey, and Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada; 2 Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The decision type "guilty" includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

**This figure only includes cases in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

Relatively few crimes result in sentences to federal penitentiaries

Table A7
  2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Total Number of Incidents Reported to Police1 2,244,458 2,098,776 2,052,925 2,118,681 2,142,545
Cases With Guilty* Findings in Adult Criminal Court1** 249,152 244,742 227,033 220,233 Not available***
Sentenced Admissions to Provincial/Territorial Custody1 65,922 64,604 62,279 62,771 Not available***
Warrant of Committal Admissions to Federal Facilities2 5,045 5,072 4,818 4,890 4,809

Source: 1 Uniform Crime Reporting Survey-2, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, and Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada; 2 Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The decision type "guilty" includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

**This figure only includes cases in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

***Data from 2016-2017 were not yet released during the preparation of this report.

The rate of youth charged has declined over the past ten years

Figure A8

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not compa rable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

**Data for Youth Charged and Youth Not Charged for Impaired Driving are not available prior to 2007. As a result, comparisons to Total Charged and Other CCC (including traffic) over time should be made with caution.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons age 12 to 17.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years old).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

The rate of youth charged has declined over the past ten years

Table A8
Year Type of Offense
Violent* Property* Traffic** Other CCC* Drugs Other Fed. Statutes Total Charged*
1998 994 2,500   870 226 184 4,775
1999 1,060 2,237   728 266 209 4,500
2000 1,136 2,177 -- 760 317 198 4,589
2001 1,157 2,119 -- 840 343 195 4,656
2002 1,102 2,009 -- 793 337 235 4,476
2003 953 1,570 -- 726 208 204 3,662
2004 918 1,395 -- 691 230 222 3,457
2005 924 1,276 -- 660 214 212 3,287
2006 917 1,216 -- 680 240 216 3,269
2007 943 1,211 75 732 260 239 3,461
2008 909 1,130 74 730 267 259 3,369
2009 888 1,143 68 698 238 260 3,294
2010 860 1,035 62 669 255 266 3,147
2011 805 903 58 635 263 251 2,915
2012 764 841 58 629 240 236 2,768
2013 692 723 45 555 229 193 2,438
2014 629 629 43 530 200 169 2,200
2015 623 612 44 525 161 160 2,125
2016 650 520 41 522 143 138 2,014

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not compa rable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

**Data for Youth Charged and Youth Not Charged for Impaired Driving are not available prior to 2007. As a result, comparisons to Total Charged and Other CCC (including traffic) over time should be made with caution.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons age 12 to 17.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years old).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

The most common youth court case is theft

Figure A9

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*"Administration of Justice" includes the offences failure to appear, failure to comply, and breach of recognizance.

**Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

***Drug Offences" includes possession and trafficking.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the "most serious decision" rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the "most serious offence" rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

The most common youth court case is theft

Table A9
Type of Case Criminal Code and Other Federal Statute Charges
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Crimes Against the Person 13,216 12,792 11,883 9,959 9,492
Homicide and Attempted Murder 55 52 53 49 55
Robbery 2,464 2,336 1,937 1,487 1,452
Sexual Assault/Other Sexual Offences 1,277 1,331 1,449 1,325 1,412
Major Assault 2,900 2,715 2,427 2,128 2,054
Common Assault 4,029 3,878 3,637 2,771 2,551
Other Crimes Against Person* 2,491 2,480 2,380 2,199 1,968
Crimes Against Property 17,389 15,723 13,526 11,014 10,546
Theft 6,591 5,476 4,692 3,660 3,630
Break and Enter 3,824 3,606 3,153 2,603 2,382
Fraud 525 474 470 377 371
Mischief 3,330 2,948 2,514 2,155 2,070
Possession of Stolen Property 2,689 2,779 2,322 1,913 1,820
Other Property Crimes 430 440 375 306 273
Administration of Justice 5,259 4,893 4,336 3,659 3,392
Failure to Comply With Order 3,529 3,230 2,902 2,414 2,208
Other Administration of Justice** 1,730 1,663 1,434 1,245 1,184
Other Criminal Code 2,476 2,424 2,193 2,078 1,899
Weapons/Firearms 1,686 1,555 1,463 1,421 1,381
Prostitution 5 6 11 17 8
Disturbing the Peace 121 132 86 64 64
Residual Criminal Code 664 731 633 576 446
Criminal Code Traffic 855 828 656 569 564
Other Federal Statutes 9,757 8,781 7,780 6,395 5,470
Drug Possession 2,008 1,840 1,571 1,784 1,540
Drug Trafficking 842 710 666 917 717
Youth Criminal Justice Act*** 5,272 4,542 3,870 3,524 3,080
Residual Federal Statutes 88 163 150 170 133
Total Offences 48,952 45,441 40,374 33,674 31,363

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

* "Other Crimes Against the Person" includes the offences uttering threats and criminal harassment.

** "Other Administration of Justice" includes the offences failure to appear, failure to comply, and breach of recognizance.

*** Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules.

First, the "most serious decision" rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the "most ser ious offence" rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

The most common sentence for youth is probation

Figure A10

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

* "Other Sentence" includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes deferred custody and supervision, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) are not available.

Unlike previous years, this data represents the most serious sentence and therefore, sanctions are mutually exclusive. However, each case may receive more than one sentence.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

The most common sentence for youth is probation

Table A10
Type of Sentence Gender Year
% 2011-12 % 2012-13 % 2013-14 % 2014-15 % 2015-16
Probation Female 47.4 48.7 49.2 47.5 47.1
  Male 48.4 47.6 48.4 48.5 47.4
  Total 48.7 47.7 48.5 48.4 46.9
Custody Female 11.5 11.1 10.8 11.7 11.9
  Male 17.0 16.4 16.3 15.9 16.5
  Total 15.2 14.9 14.9 14.9 15.5
Community Service Order Female 9.7 9.7 9.0 9.5 8.5
  Male 8.6 8.1 7.9 8.3 8.0
  Total 9.5 8.7 8.5 8.6 8.6
Fine Female 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6
  Male 3.3 3.5 2.8 2.4 2.5
  Total 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.4 2.5
Deferred Custody and Supervision Female 5.1 3.9 4.1 3.1 3.7
  Male 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.5
  Total 4.3 4.4 4.5 3.9 4.3
Other Sentence* Female 23.8 24.2 24.6 25.7 26.2
  Male 18.2 19.7 20.0 20.7 21.1
  Total 19.2 21.0 20.9 21.8 22.3

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

* "Other Sentence" includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes deferred custody and supervision, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) are not available.

Unlike previous years, this data represents the most serious sentence and therefore, sanctions are mutually exclusive. However, each case may receive more than one sentence.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Section B - Corrections Administration

Expenditures on Corrections

Figure B1

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Parole Board of Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Statistics Canada Consumer Price Index. Provincial figures derived from the Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Center for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Federal expenditures on corrections include spending by Correctional Service Canada (CSC), the Parole Board of Canada (PBC), and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI). The expenditures for CSC include both operating and capital costs. CSC expenditures exclude CORCAN (a special operating agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries). Provincial/Territorial expenditures do not include capital costs.

Constant dollars (2002) represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base that adjusts for inflation, allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

Expenditures on Corrections

Table B1
Year Current Dollars Constant 2002 Dollars
Operating Capital Total Per capita Operating Capital Total Per capita
  $'000 $ $'000 $
2011-12
CSC 2,313,422 345,327 2,658,750 77.10 2,105,040 314,222 2,419,263 70.16
PBC 52,200 - - 52,200 1.51 47,498 - - 47,498 1.38
OCI 4,936 - - 4,936 0.14 4,491 - - 4,491 0.13
Total 2,370,558 345,327 2,715,886 78.76 2,157,030 314,222 2,471,252 71.66
2012-13
CSC 2,204,005 437,736 2,641,742 76.01 2,019,281 401,048 2,420,331 69.64
PBC 46,500 - - 46,500 1.34 42,603 - - 42,603 1.23
OCI 4,801 - - 4,801 0.14 4,399 - - 4,399 0.13
Total 2,255,306 437,736 2,693,043 77.49 2,066,283 401,048 2,467,332 70.99
2013-14
CSC 2,371,700 378,372 2,750,072 78.22 2,203,672 351,566 2,555,238 72.68
PBC 50,400 - - 50,400 1.43 46,829 - - 46,829 1.33
OCI 4,946 - - 4,946 0.14 4,596 - - 4,596 0.13
Total 2,427,046 378,372 2,805,418 79.79 2,255,097 351,566 2,606,663 74.14
2014-15
CSC 2,373,604 200,606 2,574,210 72.42 2,168,852 183,301 2,352,154 66.17
PBC 50,100 - - 50,100 1.41 45,778 - - 45,778 1.29
OCI 4,659 - - 4,659 0.13 4,257 - - 4,257 0.12
Total 2,428,363 200,606 2,628,969 73.96 2,218,888 183,301 2,402,189 67.58
2015-16
CSC 2,189,101 168,684 2,357,785 65.77 2,014,457 155,227 2,169,684 60.52
PBC 46,300 - - 46,300 1.29 42,606 - - 42,606 1.19
OCI 4,656 - - 4,656 0.13 4,285 - - 4,285 0.12
Total 2,240,057 168,684 2,408,741 67.19 2,061,348 155,227 2,216,574 61.83

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Parole Board of Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Statistics Canada Consumer Price Index.

Note:

Due to rounding, constant dollar amounts may not add up to "Total".

Per capita cost is calculated by dividing the total expenditures by the total Canadian population and thus represents the cost per Canadian for federal correctional services.

Constant dollars represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base (2002) that adjusts for inflation allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable.

Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

CSC employees are concentrated in custody centres

Figure B2

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Due to rounding, constant dollar amounts may not add up to "Total".

Per capita cost is calculated by dividing the total expenditures by the total Canadian population and thus represents the cost per Canadian for federal correctional services.

Constant dollars represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base (2002) that adjusts for inflation allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

CSC employees are concentrated in custody centres

Table B2
Service Area March 31, 2006 March 31, 2006 March 31, 2017 March 31, 2017
  # % # %
Headquarters and Central Services 2,087 14.5 2,698 15.0
Administration 1,699 11.8 2,276 12.6
Health Care 111 0.8 95 0.5
Program Staff 120 0.8 65 0.4
Correctional Officers 28 0.2 36 0.2
Instructors/Supervisors 10 0.1 11 0.1
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors     1 <0.1
Other** 119 0.8 214 1.2
Custody Centres 11,229 77.8 13,830 76.8
Correctional Officers 5,965 41.3 7,374 41.0
Administration 1,914 13.3 1,962 10.9
Health Care 779 5.4 1,019 5.7
Program Staff 534 3.7 872 4.8
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors* 648 4.5 639 3.6
Instructors/Supervisors 387 2.7 352 2.0
Other** 1,002 6.9 1,612 9.0
Community Supervision 1,125 7.8 1,469 8.2
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors 581 4.0 680 3.8
Administration 315 2.2 422 2.3
Program Staff 172 1.2 271 1.5
Health Care 34 0.2 88 0.5
Correctional Officers 22 0.2 0 0.0
Other** 1 <0.1 8 <0.1
Total*** 14,441 100.0 17,997 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Due to changes in policy, Correctional Officers no longer occupy positions in the community.

*These parole officers are situated within institutions, with the responsibility of preparing offenders for release.

**The "Other" category represents job classifications such as trades and food services.

***CSC has changed its definition of employee. Previously, the total number of employees included casual employees, employees on leave without pay and suspended employees. These categories have been removed from the total as of 2005-06. These numbers represent Indeterminate and Term equal to, or more than 3 months substantive employment; and Employee Status of Active and Paid Leave at the end of fiscal year 2016-17.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The cost of keeping an inmate incarcerated

Figure B3

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions, such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a special operating agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

Total incarcerated and community includes additional NHQ & RHQ administrative costs which are not part of the Institutional and/or Community calculations.

Offenders in the Community includes: offenders on conditional release, statutory release or with Long-Term Supervision Order, under CSC supervision.

Figures may not add up due to rounding.

The cost of keeping an inmate incarcerated

Table B3
Categories Annual Average Costs per Offender (current $)
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Incarcerated Offenders
Maximum Security (men only) 151,484 148,330 156,768 160,094 155,848
Medium Security (men only) 104,889 99,207 101,583 105,750 106,868
Minimum Security (men only) 91,959 83,910 83,182 86,613 81,528
Women's Facilities 211,618 210,695 219,884 213,800 192,742
Exchange of Services Agreements 97,545 104,828 108,388 111,839 114,974
Incarcerated Average 117,788 112,197 115,310 119,152 116,364
Offenders in the Community 35,101 33,799 34,432 33,067 31,052
Total Incarcerated and Community 100,622 95,504 99,923 99,982 94,545

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions, such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a special operating agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

Total incarcerated and community includes additional NHQ & RHQ administrative costs which are not part of the Institutional and/or Community calculations.

Offenders in the Community includes: offenders on conditional release, statutory release or with Long-Term Supervision Order, under CSC supervision.

Figures may not add up due to rounding.

The number of Parole Board of Canada employees

Figure B4

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

A full-time equivalent is a measure of the extent to which an employee represents a full person-year charge against a departmental budget.

Section 103 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act limits the Parole Board of Canada to 60 full-time members.

The number of Parole Board of Canada employees

Table B4
  Full-Time Equivalents
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Program Activity
Conditional Release Decisions 311 325 325 322 321
Conditional Release Openness and Accountability 56 53 54 42 44
Record Suspension and Clemency Recommendations 58 79 69 52 59
Internal Services 43 48 47 59 56
Total 468 505 495 475 480
Types of Employees
Full-time Board Members 44 42 42 41 39
Part-time Board Members 20 20 18 18 17
Staff 404 443 435 416 424
Total 468 505 495 475 480

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

A full-time equivalent is a measure of the extent to which an employee represents a full person-year charge against a departmental budget.

Section 103 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act limits the Parole Board of Canada to 60 full-time members.

The number of employees in the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B5

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

The number of employees in the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Table B5
  Full-Time Equivalents
  2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Types of Employees          
Correctional Investigator 1 1 1 1 1
Senior Management and Legal Counsel/Advisor 5 5 5 5 5
Investigative Services 25 25 25 25 26
Administrative Services 5 5 5 5 4
Total 36 36 36 36 36

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Health care is the most common area of offender complaint received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B6

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Health care is the most common area of offender complaint received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Table B6
Category of Complaint Number of Complaints*
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Health Care (including Dental) 577 613 763 855 832
Conditions of Confinement 509 628 516 733 696
Institutional Transfers 376 403 459 353 422
Staff Performance 368 412 412 415 391
Administrative Segregation 424 363 375 260 258
Cell Property 399 327 356 414 476
Telephone 135 227 268 218 179
Visits (includes Private Family Visits) 213 225 235 283 268
Grievance Procedures 163 161 189 186 163
File Information 162 140 175 149 208
Financial Matters 109 138 172 192 159
Correspondence 84 85 144 161 158
Security Classification 115 98 139 139 129
Programs/Services 101 107 117 146 193
Decisions (General) - Implementation** 372 93 102 47 34
Safety/Security of Offender 54 56 77 101 115
Mental Health 74 50 74 128 120
Harassment 64 42 74 72 84
Other*** 943 957 1,296 1,085 1,533
Outside OCI's Terms of Reference 235 309 309 315 350
Total 5,477 5,434 6,252 6,501 6,768

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

The OCI has updated the categories of complaints to better reflect their corporate priorities and the changing nature of the complaints that they received in the 2010-11 fiscal year. As a result, some categories reported in previous years have been changed or removed.

**Previously, Decisions (General) - Implementation, Correspondence, and Mental Health were reported in "Other", therefore, numbers prior to 2010-11 are not reported.

***"Other" refers to other types of complaints not specified in the table and includes: Cell Placement, Claims Against the Crown, Community Programs/Supervision, Conditional Release, Death or Serious Injury, Diets, Discipline, Discrimination, Double Bunking, Employment, Food Services, Health and Safety - Inmate Worksites/Programs, Hunger Strike, Inmate Requests, Ion Scan/Drug Dog, Methadone, OCI, Official Languages, Operation/Decisions of the OCI, Release Procedures, Religious/Spiritual, Safety/Security - Incompatibles/Worksite, Search and Seizure, Sentence Administration, Temporary Absence, Temporary Absence Decision, Uncategorized, Urinalysis and Use of Force. In 2010-11, Cell Placement, Conditional Release, Employment, Inmate Requests, OCI, Religious/Spiritual, Safety/Security - Incompatibles/Worksite, and Temporary Absence were added to the "Other" category, and Correspondence, General Decision/Implementation, and Mental Health were removed.

The number of individual complaints processed by the OCI has decreased in recent years because the OCI has reallocated resources to sharpen its focus on systemic issues and death in custody investigations.

Section C - Offender Population

Offenders under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada

Figure C1

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Definitions:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In-Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

Temporarily Detained includes offenders who are physically held in a CSC facility or a non-CSC facility after being suspended for a breach of a parole condition or to prevent a breach of parole conditions.

Actively Supervised includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole or statutory release, as well as those who are in the community on long-term supervision orders.

CSC Facilities include all federal institutions and federally funded healing lodges.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, or statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

In addition to Total Offender Population, there are excluded groups such as:

Federal jurisdiction offenders incarcerated in a Community Correctional Centre or in a non-CSC facility. Federal jurisdiction offenders deported/extradited including offenders for whom a deportation order has been enforced by the Canada Border Services Agency. Federal offenders on bail which includes offenders on judicial interim release; they have appealed their conviction or sentence and have been released to await results of a new trial. Escaped includes offenders who have absconded from either a correctional facility or while on a temporary absence and whose whereabouts are unknown. Unlawfully at Large for 90 days or more. This includes offenders who have been released to the community on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or a long-term supervision order for whom a warrant of suspension has been issued at least 90 days ago but has not yet been executed.

Note:

*The definition of "Offender Population" changed from previous editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to 2016 should be done with caution.

Offenders under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada

Table C1
Status Offenders under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada
  # # # % % %
In-Custody Population (CSC Facility) 14,159         61.4
Incarcerated in CSC Facility   13,416     58.2  
Temporarily Detained in CSC Facility   743     3.2  
In Community under Supervision 8,886         38.6
Temporarily Detained in Non-CSC Facility   139     0.6  
Actively Supervised   8,747     38.0  
Day Parole     1,520 6.6    
Full Parole     3,892 16.9    
Statutory Release     2,913 12.6    
Long Term Supervision Order     422 1.8    
Total 23,045*         100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In addition to this total offender population, 163 offenders were on bail, 125 offenders had escaped, 275 offenders serving a federal sentence were in custody in a non-CSC facility, 332 offenders were unlawfully at large for 90 days or more, and 422 offenders were deported.

The definition of "Offender Population" changed from previous editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to 2016 should be done with caution.

The number of offenders in custody in a CSC facility decreased in the last three years

Figure C2

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The data reflect the number of offenders in custody at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The term "In-Custody Offenders" includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

**Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The number of offenders in custody in a CSC facility decreased in the last three years

Table C2
Year In Custody Offenders
In-Custody in a CSC Facility*1 Provincial/Territorial2 Total
Sentenced Remand Other/Temporary Detention Total
2007-08 14,403 9,799 12,973 315 23,086 37,489
2008-09 13,960 9,931 13,548 311 23,790 37,750
2009-10 14,197 10,045 13,739 308 24,092 38,289
2010-11 14,840 10,922 13,086 427 24,435 39,275
2011-12 15,131 11,138 13,369 308 24,814 39,945
2012-13 15,318 11,138 13,739 308 25,185 40,503
2013-14 15,342 9,888 11,494 322 21,704 37,046
2014-15 14,886 10,364 13,650 441 24,455 39,341
2015-16 14,712 10,091 14,899 415 25,405 40,117
2016-17 14,159 -- -- -- -- --

Source: 1 Correctional Service Canada.; 2 Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Data reflects the number of offenders in custody at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The term "In-Custody in a CSC Facility" includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offend-ers who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility, and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

The figures for provincial and territorial offenders reflect annual average counts.

-- Data not available.

The number of admissions to federal jurisdiction has decreased

Figure C3

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*"Other" includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The number of admissions to federal jurisdiction has decreased

Table C3
  2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men
Warrant of Committal
1st Federal Sentence 220 3,422 272 3,464 302 3,308 348 3,321 366 3,290
2nd or Subsequent Federal Sentence 44 1,329 38 1,271 41 1,154 39 1,176 36 1,112
Provincial Sentence 2 28 2 25 0 13 1 5 0 5
Subtotal 266 4,779 312 4,760 343 4,475 388 4,502 402 4,407
Total 5,045 5,072 4,818 4,890 4,809
Revocations 133 2,760 111 2,604 124 2,379 149 2,329 133 2,003
Total 2,893 2,715 2,503 2,478 2,136
Other* 14 119 6 108 5 71 4 78 3 88
Total 133 114 76 82 91
  413 7,658 429 7,472 472 6,925 541 6,909 538 6,498
Total Admissions 8,071 7,901 7,397 7,450 7,036

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*"Other" includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The number of women admitted from the courts to federal jurisdiction increased in the last four years

Figure C4

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

The number of women admitted from the courts to federal jurisdiction increased in the last four years

Table C4
Year Warrant of Committal Admissions Total
Women Men
  # % # %  
2007-08 304 6.2 4,623 93.8 4,927
2008-09 306 6.4 4,459 93.6 4,765
2009-10 307 6.0 4,833 94.0 5,140
2010-11 328 6.2 5,005 93.8 5,333
2011-12 337 6.7 4,695 93.3 5,032
2012-13 266 5.3 4,779 94.7 5,045
2013-14 312 6.2 4,760 93.8 5,072
2014-15 343 7.1 4,475 92.9 4,818
2015-16 388 7.9 4,502 92.1 4,890
2016-17 402 8.4 4,407 91.6 4,809

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

About half of the total offender population in CSC facilities is serving a sentence of less than 5 years

Figure C5

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Total Offender Population includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Offenders serving a sentence less than two years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than two years.

About half of the total offender population in CSC facilities is serving a sentence of less than 5 years

Table C5
Sentence Length 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
  # % # % # % # % # %
< than 2 years 271 1.2 291 1.3 287 1.2 306 1.3 307 1.3
2 years to < 3 years 5,469 23.8 5,296 22.9 5,241 22.8 5,367 23.3 5,391 23.4
3 years to < 4 years 3,732 16.2 3,771 16.3 3,631 15.8 3,503 15.2 3,377 14.7
4 years to < 5 years 2,367 10.3 2,447 10.6 2,422 10.5 2,393 10.4 2,382 10.3
5 years to < 6 years 1,599 7.0 1,638 7.1 1,672 7.3 1,692 7.3 1,691 7.3
6 years to < 7 years 1,084 4.7 1,100 4.8 1,104 4.8 1,136 4.9 1,143 5.0
7 years to < 10 years 1,725 7.5 1,793 7.7 1,788 7.8 1,805 7.8 1,810 7.9
10 years to < 15 years 962 4.2 954 4.1 936 4.1 940 4.1 951 4.1
15 years or more 609 2.7 612 2.6 564 2.5 522 2.3 501 2.2
Indeterminate 5,158 22.4 5,253 22.7 5,316 23.2 5,393 23.4 5,492 23.8
Total 22,976 100 23,155 100 22,961 100 23,057 100 23,045 100

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Offenders serving a sentence less than two years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than two years.

Offender age at admission to federal jurisdiction is increasing

Figure C6

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*This offender was admitted to federal jurisdiction by the courts.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

Offender age at admission to federal jurisdiction is increasing

Table C6
Age at Admission 2007-08 2016-17
Women Men Total Women Men Total
  # % # % # % # % # % # %
Under 18 0 0.0 1* 0.0 1* 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
18 and 19 9 3.0 162 3.5 171 3.5 5 1.2 81 1.8 86 1.8
20 to 24 53 17.4 875 18.9 928 18.8 65 16.2 706 16.0 771 16.0
25 to 29 53 17.4 823 17.8 876 17.8 79 19.7 800 18.2 879 18.3
30 to 34 40 13.2 668 14.4 708 14.4 81 20.1 706 16.0 787 16.4
35 to 39 49 16.1 637 13.8 686 13.9 49 12.2 562 12.8 611 12.7
40 to 44 50 16.4 584 12.6 634 12.9 38 9.5 444 10.1 482 10.0
45 to 49 29 9.5 399 8.6 428 8.7 31 7.7 379 8.6 410 8.5
50 to 59 16 5.3 343 7.4 359 7.3 42 10.4 475 10.8 517 10.8
60 to 69 5 1.6 98 2.1 103 2.1 9 2.2 187 4.2 196 4.1
70 and over 0 0.0 33 0.7 33 0.7 3 0.7 67 1.5 70 1.5
Total 304 4,623 4,927 402 4,407 4,809

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*This offender was admitted to federal jurisdiction by the courts.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The average age at admission is lower for Indigenous offenders than for non-Indigenous offenders

Figure C7

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*This offender was admitted to federal jurisdiction by the courts.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The average age at admission is lower for Indigenous offenders than for non-Indigenous offenders

Table C7
Age at Admission 2007-2008 2016-17
Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
  # % # % # % # % # % # %
Under 18 0 0.0 1* 0.0 1* 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
18 and 19 48 4.8 123 3.1 171 3.5 33 2.9 53 1.4 86 1.8
20 to 24 223 22.5 705 17.9 928 18.8 262 22.8 509 13.9 771 16.0
25 to 29 212 21.4 664 16.9 876 17.8 245 21.3 634 17.3 879 18.3
30 to 34 151 15.2 557 14.2 708 14.4 200 17.4 587 16.0 787 16.4
35 to 39 127 12.8 559 14.2 686 13.9 129 11.2 482 13.2 611 12.7
40 to 44 107 10.8 527 13.4 634 12.9 106 9.2 376 10.3 482 10.0
45 to 49 66 6.7 362 9.2 428 8.7 81 7.0 329 9.0 410 8.5
50 to 59 45 4.5 314 8.0 359 7.3 66 5.7 451 12.3 517 10.8
60 to 69 11 1.1 92 2.3 103 2.1 23 2.0 173 4.7 196 4.1
70 and over 2 0.2 31 0.8 33 0.7 4 0.3 66 1.8 70 1.5
Total 992 3,935 4,927 1,149 3,660 4,809

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*This offender was admitted to federal jurisdiction by the courts.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

25% of the in-custody offender population is age 50 or over

Figure C8

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

Note:

*In-custody population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility, and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

**2014 Postcensal Estimates, Demography Division, Statistics Canada and include only those age 18 and older.

In community under supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add up to 100 percent.

25% of the in-custody offender population is age 50 or over

Table C8
Age In-Custody In Community Under Supervision Total % of Canadian Adult Population*
  # % # % # % %
Under 18 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
18 and 19 55 0.4 2 0.0 57 0.2 3.2
20 to 24 1,406 9.9 439 4.9 1,845 8.0 8.6
25 to 29 2,120 15.0 1,042 11.7 3,162 13.7 8.5
30 to 34 2,287 16.2 1,161 13.1 3,448 15.0 8.7
35 to 39 1,856 13.1 1,087 12.2 2,943 12.8 8.3
40 to 44 1,510 10.7 909 10.2 2,419 10.5 8.2
45 to 49 1,433 10.1 905 10.2 2,338 10.1 8.7
50 to 54 1,290 9.1 909 10.2 2,199 9.5 9.7
55 to 59 895 6.3 795 8.9 1,690 7.3 8.9
60 to 64 605 4.3 633 7.1 1,238 5.4 7.6
65 to 69 380 2.7 435 4.9 815 3.5 6.4
70 and over 322 2.3 569 6.4 891 3.9 13.1
Total 14,159 100.0 8,886 100.0 23,045 100.0 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

Note:

*2014 Postcensal Estimates, Demography Division, Statistics Canada and include only those age 18 and older.

In-custody population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are tem-porarily detained in a CSC facility, and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In community under supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term super-vision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add up to 100 percent.

58% of offenders are Caucasian

Figure C9

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The offenders themselves identify to which race they belong. The list of categories may not fully account for all races and the race groupings information has changed starting in 2012-13; therefore, the comparisons before and after 2012-13 should be done with caution.

"Indigenous" includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian. "Asian" includes offenders who are Arab, Arab/West Asian, Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South Asian, South East Asian. "Asiatic" includes offenders who are Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, and Asiatic. "Hispanic" includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American. "Black" includes offenders who are black. "Other/Unknown" includes offenders who are European French, European-Eastern, European-Northern, European-Southern, European-Western, Multiracial/Ethnic, Oceania, British Isles, Caribbean, Sub-Sahara African, offenders unable to identify to one race, other and unknown.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

58% of offenders are Caucasian

Table C9
  Total Offender Population
2012-13 2016-17
  # % # %
Indigenous 4,799 20.9 5,322 23.1
Inuit 206 0.9 212 0.9
Métis 1,201 5.2 1,533 6.7
North American Indian 3,392 14.8 3,577 15.5
Asian 1,363 5.9 1,257 5.5
Arab/West Asian 335 1.5 357 1.5
Asiatic* 114 0.5 349 1.5
Chinese 149 0.6 105 0.5
East Indian 15 0.1 13 0.1
Filipino 73 0.3 75 0.3
Japanese 4 0.0 7 0.0
Korean 19 0.1 14 0.1
South East Asian 390 1.7 214 0.9
South Asian 264 1.1 123 0.5
Black 1,928 8.4 1,729 7.5
Caucasian 14,191 61.8 13,345 57.9
Hispanic 233 1.0 246 1.1
Hispanic 8 0.0 6 0.0
Latin American 225 1.0 240 1.0
Other/Unknown 462 2.0 1,146 5.0
Total 22,976 100.0 23,045 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The offenders themselves identify to which race they belong. The list of categories may not fully account for all races and the race groupings information has changed starting in 2012-13; therefore, the comparisons before and after 2012-13 should be done with caution.

"Indigenous" includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian. "Asian" includes offenders who are Arab, Arab/West Asian, Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South Asian, South East Asian. "Asiatic" includes offenders who are Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, and Asiatic. "Hispanic" includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American. "Black" includes offenders who are black. "Other/Unknown" includes offenders who are European French, European-Eastern, European-Northern, European-Southern, European-Western, Multiracial/Ethnic, Oceania, British Isles, Caribbean, Sub-Sahara African, offenders unable to identify to one race, other and unknown.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The religious identification of the offender population is diverse

Figure C10

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

Catholic includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic and Ukrainian-Catholic. Orthodox includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox. Protestant includes offenders who are Anglican, Baptist, Christian Missionary, Christian Reform, Hutterite, Luther-an, Mennonite, Moravian, Native Spirit, Nazarene Christ, Pentecostal, Philad. Church God, Presbyterian, Protestant, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, United Church, Christ Methodist, Christ Wesleyan and Worldwide Church. Buddhist includes offenders who are Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist and Theravadan Buddhist.

Other includes other declared identifications such as Agnostic, Asatruar Pagan, Atheist, Baha'i, Christian non spec., Christian Science, Church of Science, Druidry Pagan, Hindu, Independant Spirit, Jehovah's Witness, Krishna , Mormon, Pagan, Quaker (Society of Friends), Rastafarian, Scientology, Siddhan Yoga, Sufiism, Taoism, Unitarian, Wicca and Zoroastrian.

The data reflect the total offender population which includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The religious identification of the offender population is diverse

Table C10
  Total Offender Population
2012-13 2016-17
  # % # %
Catholic 8,249 35.9 7,674 33.3
Protestant 3,434 14.9 2,553 11.1
Muslim 1,153 5.0 1,365 5.9
Native Spirituality 1,105 4.8 1,191 5.2
Buddhist 493 2.1 489 2.1
Jewish 181 0.8 177 0.8
Orthodox 96 0.4 70 0.3
Sikh 175 0.8 172 0.7
Other 2,453 10.7 2,889 12.5
None 3,599 15.7 3,107 13.5
Unknown 2,038 8.9 3,358 14.6
Total 22,976 100.0 23,045 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

Catholic includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic and Ukrainian-Catholic. Orthodox includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox. Protestant includes offenders who are Anglican, Baptist, Christian Missionary, Christian Reform, Hutterite, Luther-an, Mennonite, Moravian, Native Spirit, Nazarene Christ, Pentecostal, Philad. Church God, Presbyterian, Protestant, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, United Church, Christ Methodist, Christ Wesleyan and Worldwide Church. Buddhist includes offenders who are Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist and Theravadan Buddhist.

Other includes other declared identifications such as Agnostic, Asatruar Pagan, Atheist, Baha'i, Christian non spec., Christian Science, Church of Science, Druidry Pagan, Hindu, Independant Spirit, Jehovah's Witness, Krishna , Mormon, Pagan, Quaker (Society of Friends), Rastafarian, Scientology, Siddhan Yoga, Sufiism, Taoism, Unitarian, Wicca and Zoroastrian.

The data reflect the total offender population which includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The proportion of Indigenous offenders in custody is higher than for non-Indigenous offenders

Figure C11

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.
In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The proportion of Indigenous offenders in custody is higher than for non-Indigenous offenders

Table C11
  In-Custody Population In Community Under Supervision Total
  # % # %  
Men
2013-14 Indigenous 3,329 73.6 1,196 26.4 4,525
  Non-Indigenous 11,387 65.0 6,125 35.0 17,512
  Total 14,716 66.8 7,321 33.2 22,037
2014-15 Indigenous 3,417 73.4 1,238 26.6 4,655
  Non-Indigenous 10,788 63.0 6,327 37.0 17,115
  Total 14,205 65.3 7,565 34.7 21,770
2015-16 Indigenous 3,532 73.2 1,293 26.8 4,825
  Non-Indigenous 10,485 61.8 6,468 38.2 16,953
  Total 14,017 64.4 7,761 35.6 21,778
2016-17 Indigenous 3,545 72.2 1,362 27.8 4,907
  Non-Indigenous 9,922 59.0 6,885 41.0 16,807
  Total 13,467 62.0 8,247 38.0 21,714
Women
2013-14 Indigenous 213 64.4 118 35.6 331
  Non-Indigenous 413 52.5 374 47.5 787
  Total 626 56.0 492 44.0 1,118
2014-15 Indigenous 240 67.8 114 32.2 354
  Non-Indigenous 441 52.7 396 47.3 837
  Total 681 57.2 510 42.8 1,191
2015-16 Indigenous 251 62.4 151 37.6 402
  Non-Indigenous 444 50.6 433 49.4 877
  Total 695 54.3 584 45.7 1,279
2016-17 Indigenous 253 61.0 162 39.0 415
  Non-Indigenous 439 47.9 477 52.1 916
  Total 692 52.0 639 48.0 1,331

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.
In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The majority of in-custody offenders are classified as medium security risk

Figure C12

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data represent the offender security level decision at the end of fiscal year 2016-17.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility, and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

The majority of in-custody offenders are classified as medium security risk

Table C12
Security Risk Level Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
  # % # % # %
Minimum 650 18.3 2,270 24.3 2,920 22.7
Medium 2,257 63.5 5,745 61.6 8,002 62.1
Maximum 650 18.3 1,309 14.0 1,959 15.2
Total 3,557 100.0 9,324 100.0 12,881 100.0
Not Yet Determined* 241 1,037 1,278
Total 3,798 10,361 14,159

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The "Not Yet Determined" category includes offenders who have not yet been classified.

The data represent the offender security level decision at the end of fiscal year 2016-17.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility, and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence

Figure C13

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence

Table C13
Year Indigenous Offenders Non-Indigenous Offenders Total
Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total
2007-08 4 36 40 4 127 131 8 163 171
2008-09 3 36 39 2 129 131 5 165 170
2009-10 5 48 53 8 133 141 13 181 194
2010-11 4 35 39 5 129 134 9 164 173
2011-12 8 46 54 9 112 121 17 158 175
2012-13 6 44 50 2 120 122 8 164 172
2013-14 7 38 45 7 121 128 14 159 173
2014-15 1 38 39 8 118 126 9 156 165
2015-16 4 48 52 7 125 132 11 173 184
2016-17 0 38 38 12 130 142 12 168 180

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprison-ment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Offenders with life or indeterminate sentences represent 24% of the total offender population

Figure C14

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences may both result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. The Dangerous Sexual Offender and Habitual Offender designations were replaced with Dangerous Offender Legislation in 1977.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days. In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility. In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

Offenders with life or indeterminate sentences represent 24% of the total offender population

Table C14
  Total Offender Population Current Status
In Custody in a CSC Facility In Community Under Supervision
Incarcerated Day Parole Full Parole Other***
  # %        
Offenders with a life sentence for:

1st Degree Murder

1,191 5.2 957 43 191 0
2nd Degree Murder 3,464 15.0 1,951 207 1,306 0
Other Offences* 203 0.9 117 13 73 0
Total 4,858 21.1 3,025 263 1,570 0
Offenders with indeterminate sentences resulting from the special designation of:
Dangerous Offender 593 2.6 569 13 11 0
Dangerous Sexual Offender 16 0.1 7 3 6 0
Habitual Offender 3 0.0 0 0 3 0
Total 612 2.7 576 16 20 0
Offenders serving an indeterminate sentence

(due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence)

22 0.1 20 0 2 0
Total offenders with Life and/or Indeterminate sentence 5,492 23.8 3,621 279 1,592 0
Offenders Serving Determinate sentences** 17,553 76.2 10,538 1,271 2,311 3,433
Total 23,045 100.0 14,159 1,550 3,903 3,433

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*"Other offences" include Schedule I Schedule II and Non-Schedule types of offences.

**This includes 113 offenders designated as Dangerous Offenders who were serving determinate sentences.

***"Other" in the Community Under Supervision includes offenders on statutory release or on a long term supervision order.

Among the 22 offenders serving an indeterminate sentence (due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence), there was one Habitual Offender.

Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. The Dangerous Sexual Offender and Habitual Offender designations were replaced with Dangerous Offender legislation in 1977.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days. In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility. In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

69.5% of offenders are serving a sentence for a violent offence*

Figure C15

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Violent offences include Murder I, Murder II and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

69.5% of offenders are serving a sentence for a violent offence*

Table C15
Offence Category Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total
Murder I 9 220 229 43 937 980 52 1,157 1,209
Percent 2.2 4.5 4.3 4.7 5.6 5.5 3.9 5.3 5.2
Murder II 56 699 755 113 2,617 2,730 169 3,316 3,485
Percent 13.5 14.2 14.2 12.3 15.6 15.4 12.7 15.3 15.1
Schedule I 231 3,015 3,246 269 7,816 8,085 500 10,831 11,331
Percent 55.7 61.4 61.0 29.4 46.5 45.6 37.6 49.9 49.2
Schedule II 73 440 513 329 3,358 3,687 402 3,798 4,200
Percent 17.6 9.0 9.6 35.9 20.0 20.8 30.2 17.5 18.2
Non-Schedule 46 533 579 162 2,079 2,241 208 2,612 2,820
Percent 11.1 10.9 10.9 17.7 12.4 12.6 15.6 12.0 12.2
Total 415 4,907 5,322 916 16,807 17,723 1,331 21,714 23,045

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Violent offences include Murder I, Murder II and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The number of Indigenous offenders has increased

Figure C16

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In-Custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility, and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

**In Community Under Supervision Population includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

Regional statistics for Correctional Service Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies Region, and data for Yukon are reported in the Pacific Region.

The number of Indigenous offenders has increased

Table C16
Indigenous Offenders  Gender Fiscal Year
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
In-Custody
Atlantic Region Men 153 181 174 157 175
  Women 15 14 11 12 8
Quebec Region Men 380 422 443 425 384
  Women 11 15 19 24 14
Ontario Region Men 495 440 441 453 487
  Women 36 36 34 39 37
Prairie Region Men 1,779 1,686 1,757 1,868 1,861
  Women 108 110 139 133 155
Pacific Region Men 551 600 602 629 638
  Women 33 38 37 43 39
National Total Men 3,358 3,329 3,417 3,532 3,545
  Women 203 213 240 251 253
  Total 3,561 3,542 3,657 3,783 3,798
In Community Under Supervision
Atlantic Region Men 42 50 60 68 71
  Women 12 11 12 10 11
Quebec Region Men 121 134 158 185 185
  Women 2 7 12 18 10
Ontario Region Men 157 180 178 204 201
  Women 20 20 21 24 31
Prairie Region Men 581 582 574 560 604
  Women 55 63 52 77 78
Pacific Region Men 233 250 268 276 301
  Women 15 17 17 22 32
National Total Men 1,134 1,196 1,238 1,293 1,362
  Women 104 118 114 151 162
  Total 1,238 1,314 1,352 1,444 1,524
Total In-Custody & In Community Under Supervision 4,799 4,856 5,009 5,227 5,322

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

In-Custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility, and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision Population includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

Regional statistics for Correctional Service Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies Region, and data for Yukon are reported in the Pacific Region.

The total number of admissions to administrative segregation has decreased

Figure C17

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission. Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

Administrative segregation is the separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision. As per subsection 31(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act: The institutional head may order that an inmate be confined in administrative segregation if the institutional head is satisfied that there is no reasonable alternative to administrative segregation and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that (a) the inmate has acted, has attempted to act or intends to act in a manner that jeopardizes the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person and allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person; (b) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would interfere with an investigation that could lead to a criminal charge or a charge under subsection 41(2) of a serious disciplinary offence; or (c) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the inmate's safety.

The total number of admissions to administrative segregation has decreased

Table C17
Year and Type of Administrative Segregation By Gender By Race
Women Men Total Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
2012-13
CCRA 31(3-A)* 373 5,274 5,647 1,668 3,979 5,647
CCRA 31(3-B)* 6 390 396 114 282 396
CCRA 31(3-C)* 37 2,141 2,178 744 1,434 2,178
Total 416 7,805 8,221 2,526 5,695 8,221
2013-14
CCRA 31(3-A) 316 5,195 5,511 1,588 3,923 5,511
CCRA 31(3-B) 5 320 325 93 232 325
CCRA 31(3-C) 28 2,272 2,300 801 1,499 2,300
Total 349 7,787 8,136 2,482 5,654 8,136
2014-15
CCRA 31(3-A) 427 5,288 5,715 1,704 4,011 5,715
CCRA 31(3-B) 7 328 335 105 230 335
CCRA 31(3-C) 27 2,242 2,269 786 1,483 2,269
Total 461 7,858 8,319 2,595 5,724 8,319
2015-16
CCRA 31(3-A) 343 4,199 4,542 1,328 3,214 4,542
CCRA 31(3-B) 2 235 237 88 149 237
CCRA 31(3-C) 33 1,976 2,009 640 1,369 2,009
Total 378 6,410 6,788 2,056 4,732 6,788
2016-17
CCRA 31(3-A) 270 3,826 4,096 1,358 2,738 4,096
CCRA 31(3-B) 3 273 276 73 203 276
CCRA 31(3-C) 16 1,649 1,665 627 1,038 1,665
Total 289 5,748 6,037 2,058 3,979 6,037

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission. Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

*Administrative segregation is the separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision. As per subsection 31(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act: The institutional head may order that an inmate be confined in administrative segregation if the institutional head is satisfied that there is no reasonable alternative to administrative segregation and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that (a) the inmate has acted, has attempted to act or intends to act in a manner that jeopardizes the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person and allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person; (b) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would interfere with an investigation that could lead to a criminal charge or a charge under subsection 41(2) of a serious disciplinary offence; or (c) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the inmate's safety.

75% of admissions to administrative segregation stay for less than 30 days

Figure C18

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission. Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

Administrative segregation is the involuntary or voluntary separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision. As per subsection 31(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act: The institutional head may order that an inmate be confined in administrative segregation if the institutional head is satisfied that there is no reasonable alternative to administrative segregation and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that (a) the inmate has acted, has attempted to act or intends to act in a manner that jeopardizes the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person and allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person; (b) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would interfere with an investigation that could lead to a criminal charge or a charge under subsection 41(2) of a serious disciplinary offence; or (c) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the inmate's safety.

75% of admissions to administrative segregation stay for less than 30 days

Table C18
Length of Stay in Administrative Segregation By Gender By Race    
Women Men Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
# % # % # % # % # %
2016-17
< 30 days 279 93.9 4,278 74.2 1,525 75.6 3,032 75.0 4,557 75.2
30-60 days 15 5.1 944 16.4 331 16.4 628 15.5 959 15.8
61-90 days 3 1.0 292 5.1 93 4.6 202 5.0 295 4.9
91-120 days 0 0.0 138 2.4 36 1.8 102 2.5 138 2.3
> 120 days 0 0.0 113 2.0 33 1.6 80 2.0 113 1.9
Total 297 100.0 5,765 100.0 2,018 100.0 4,044 100.0 6,062 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission. Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

Administrative segregation is the involuntary or voluntary separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision. As per subsection 31(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act:

The institutional head may order that an inmate be confined in administrative segregation if the institutional head is satisfied that there is no reasonable alterna-tive to administrative segregation and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that (a) the inmate has acted, has attempted to act or intends to act in a manner that jeopardizes the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person and allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person; (b) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would interfere with an investigation that could lead to a criminal charge or a charge under subsection 41(2) of a serious disciplinary offence; or (c) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the inmate's safety.

The number of offender deaths while in custody

Figure C19

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

*Other causes of death include: natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of a legal intervention, other causes of death and where cause of death was unknown. Data for Alberta for 2013-14 and onward are now available.

**For the calculation of rates, the total actual in-count numbers between 2006-07 and 2015-16 was used as the denominator.

The data on cause of death are subject to change following an official review or investigation, and should be used/interprete d with caution. The data presented were provided by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics at Statistics Canada, and may not reflect the outcome of recent reviews or investigations on cause of death.

The number of offender deaths while in custody

Table C19
Year Type of Death
Homicide Suicide Other* Total
# % # % # % #
Federal
2006-07 3 4.9 10 16.4 48 78.7 61
2007-08 1 2.5 5 12.5 34 85.0 40
2008-09 2 3.1 9 13.8 54 83.1 65
2009-10 1 2.0 9 18.4 39 79.6 49
2010-11 5 10.0 4 8.0 41 82.0 50
2011-12 3 5.7 8 15.1 42 79.2 53
2012-13 1 1.8 11 20.0 43 78.2 55
2013-14 1 2.1 9 18.8 38 79.2 48
2014-15 1 1.5 13 19.4 53 79.1 67
2015-16 3 4.6 9 13.8 53 81.5 65
Total 21 3.8 87 15.7 445 80.5 553
Provincial
2006-07 0 0.0 8 23.5 26 76.5 34
2007-08 0 0.0 6 20.7 23 79.3 29
2008-09 1 3.0 7 21.2 25 75.8 33
2009-10 1 2.6 5 12.8 33 84.6 39
2010-11 0 0.0 5 14.3 30 85.7 35
2011-12 0 0.0 16 42.1 22 57.9 38
2012-13 1 2.3 8 18.2 35 79.5 44
2013-14 1 2.4 10 24.4 30 73.2 41
2014-15 0 0.0 9 24.3 28 73.2 37
2015-16 0 0.0 6 14.3 36 85.7 42
Total 4 1.1 80 21.5 288 77.4 372
Total Federal and Provincial Offender Deaths 25 2.7 167 18.1 733 79.2 925

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

*Other causes of death include: natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of a legal intervention, other causes of death and where cause of death was unknown.

Data for Alberta for 2013-14 and onward are now available.

The data on cause of death are subject to change following an official review or investigation, and should be used/interprete d with caution. The data presented were provided by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics at Statistics Canada, and may not reflect the outcome of recent reviews or investigations on cause of death.

The number of escapees

Figure C20

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data represents the number of escape incidents from federal facilities during each fiscal year. An escape can involve more than one offender. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The number of escapees

Table C20
Type of Escapes 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Escapes from Multi-level Security 0 0 0 0 0
Number of Escapees 0 0 0 0 0
Escapes from Maximum Security 0 0 0 0 0
Number of Escapees 0 0 0 0 0
Escapes from Medium Security 0 1 0 2 1
Number of Escapees 0 1 0 2 1
Escapes from Minimum Security 18 10 14 13 7
Number of Escapees 24 12 15 16 7
Total Number of Escape Incidents 18 11 14 15 8
Total Number of Escapees 24 13 15 18 8

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data represents the number of escape incidents from federal facilities during each fiscal year. An escape can involve more than one offender. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The population of offenders in the community under supervision has increased in the past four years

Figure C21

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*These cases reflect the number of offenders on active supervision at fiscal year end. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The data reflect the offender population in the community under supervision which includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

The data presented above do not include offenders who were on long term supervision orders (see Figure/Table E4).

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

The population of offenders in the community under supervision has increased in the past four years

Table C21
Year Supervision Type of Offenders
Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release Totals % change*
Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Both Both
2007-08 114 1,062 326 3,477 113 2,395 553 6,934 7,487  
2008-09 106 1,017 344 3,419 113 2,675 563 7,111 7,674 2.5
2009-10 108 1,083 328 3,418 93 2,602 529 7,103 7,632 -0.5
2010-11 79 1,017 314 3,441 109 2,598 502 7,056 7,558 -1.0
2011-12 123 1,123 257 3,154 127 2,661 507 6,938 7,445 -1.5
2012-13 116 1,106 225 2,932 136 2,801 477 6,839 7,316 -1.7
2013-14 106 1,104 225 3,017 153 2,858 484 6,979 7,463 2.0
2014-15 115 1,236 239 3,065 150 2,909 504 7,210 7,714 3.4
2015-16 124 1,248 273 3,276 177 2,849 574 7,373 7,947 3.0
2016-17 158 1,392 316 3,587 154 2,856 628 7,835 8,463 6.5

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These cases reflect the number of offenders on active supervision at fiscal year end. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The data reflect the offender population in the community under supervision which includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by the Canada Border Services Agency.

The data presented above do not include offenders who were on long term supervision orders (see Figure/Table E4).

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

*Percent change is measured from the previous year.

Provincial/territorial community corrections population increased

Figure C22

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

Provincial/territorial community corrections population increased

Table C22
Year Average Monthly Offender Counts on Probation Average Monthly Offender Counts on Conditional Sentence Total
2006-07 93,754 12,776 106,530
2007-08 96,795 12,535 108,330
2008-09 97,529 13,124 110,653
2009-10 99,498 13,105 112,603
2010-11 101,825 12,969 114,794
2011-12 98,843 12,616 111,459
2012-13 96,116 12,202 108,318
2013-14 84,905 10,077 94,981
2014-15 80,705 8,747 89,452
2015-16 86,749 8,492 95,241

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

The number of offenders on provincial parole increased

Figure C23

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia's provincial correctional facilities. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.

The number of offenders on provincial parole increased

Table C23
Year Average Monthly Counts on Provincial Parole
Provincial Boards Parole Board of Canada** Total Percent Change
Quebec Ontario British Columbia* Total
2006-07 593 142 120 855 136 991  
2007-08 581 205 n/a 785 237 1,022 3.1
2008-09 533 217 n/a 750 190 940 -8.0
2009-10 506 194 n/a 700 168 868 -7.7
2010-11 482 171 n/a 653 167 820 -5.6
2011-12 481 179 n/a 660 144 804 -2.0
2012-13 462 164 n/a 626 143 769 -4.4
2013-14 527 172 n/a 699 154 853 11.0
2014-15 612 207 n/a 819 151 970 13.7
2015-16 639 207 n/a 846 139 985 1.5

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia's provincial correctional facilities.

**The data represent the number of provincial offenders who are released from custody on the authority of the Parole Board of Canada and supervised by the Correctional Service of Canada.

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.

Section D - Conditional Release

The percentage of offenders released from federal penitentiaries at statutory release decreased in the past four years

Figure D1

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Percentage is calculated based on the number of statutory releases compared to the total releases for each offender group.

The data includes all releases from a federal institution or Healing Lodge in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody, LTSO releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once a year in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, or interruption.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The percentage of offenders released from federal penitentiaries at statutory release decreased in the past four years

Table D1
  Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Offender Population
Year Statutory Release Total Releases Percent* Statutory Release Total Releases Percent* Statutory Release Total Releases Percent*
2007-08 1,374 1,708 80.4% 4,055 6,171 65.7% 5,429 7,879 68.9%
2008-09 1,419 1,698 83.6% 4,296 6,352 67.6% 5,715 8,050 71.0%
2009-10 1,404 1,709 82.2% 4,134 6,097 67.8% 5,538 7,806 70.9%
2010-11 1,310 1,569 83.5% 3,770 5,677 66.4% 5,080 7,246 70.1%
2011-12 1,443 1,737 83.1% 3,858 5,503 70.1% 5,301 7,240 73.2%
2012-13 1,587 1,901 83.5% 4,001 5,632 71.0% 5,588 7,533 74.2%
2013-14 1,681 1,976 85.1% 3,955 5,705 69.3% 5,636 7,681 73.4%
2014-15 1,696 2,010 84.4% 3,677 5,523 66.6% 5,373 7,533 71.3%
2015-16 1,649 2,000 82.5% 3,662 5,619 65.2% 5,311 7,619 69.7%
2016-17 1,561 2,006 77.8% 3,320 5,568 59.6% 4,881 7,574 64.4%

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Percentage is calculated based on the number of statutory releases compared to the total releases for each offender group.

The data includes all releases from a federal institution or Healing Lodge in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody, LTSO releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once a year in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, or interruption.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The percentage of offenders released from federal penitentiaries on day and full parole increased in the past four years

Figure D2

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Percentage is calculated based on the number of day and full paroles compared to the total releases for each offender group.

The data includes all releases from federal penitentiaries in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody, LTSO releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once a year in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, or interruption.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The percentage of offenders released from federal penitentiaries on day and full parole increased in the past four years

Table D2
  Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Offender Population
Year   Day Parole Full Parole Total Releases Day Parole Full Parole Total Releases Day Parole Full Parole Total Releases
2007-08 # 317 17 1,708 1,944 172 6,171 2,261 189 7,879
  % 18.6% 1.0%   31.5% 2.8%   28.7% 2.4%  
2008-09 # 263 16 1,698 1,842 214 6,352 2,105 230 8,050
  % 15.5% 0.9%   29.0% 3.4%   26.1% 2.9%  
2009-10 # 293 12 1,709 1,803 160 6,097 2,096 172 7,806
  % 17.1% 0.7%   29.6% 2.6%   26.9% 2.2%  
2010-11 # 248 11 1,569 1,770 137 5,677 2,018 148 7,246
  % 15.8% 0.7%   31.2% 2.4%   27.8% 2.0%  
2011-12 # 282 12 1,737 1,529 116 5,503 1,811 128 7,240
  % 16.2% 0.7%   27.8% 2.1%   25.0% 1.8%  
2012-13 # 307 7 1,901 1,521 110 5,632 1,828 117 7,533
  % 16.1% 0.4%   27.0% 2.0%   24.3% 1.6%  
2013-14 # 277 18 1,976 1,605 145 5,705 1,882 163 7,681
  % 14.0% 0.9%   28.1% 2.5%   24.5% 2.1%  
2014-15 # 304 10 2,010 1,671 175 5,523 1,975 185 7,533
  % 15.1% 0.5%   30.3% 3.2%   26.2% 2.5%  
2015-16 # 336 15 2,000 1,793 164 5,619 2,129 179 7,619
  % 16.8% 0.8%   31.9% 2.9%   27.9% 2.3%  
2016-17 # 432 13 2,006 2,095 153 5,568 2,527 166 7,574
  % 21.5% 0.6%   37.6% 2.7%   33.4% 2.2%  

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data includes all releases from a federal institution or Healing Lodge in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody, LTSO releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once a year in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, or interruption.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release.  The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Percentage is calculated based on the number of day and full paroles compared to the total releases for each offender group. Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

Federal day and full parole grant rates increased

Figure D3

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded.

Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as a sufficiently large proportion of the APR-affected population was granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Federal day and full parole grant rates increased

Table D3
Type of Release Year Granted Denied Grant Rate (%) APR*
Women Men Women Men Women Men Total Directed Total
Day Parole 2007-08 162 2,001 22 776 88.0 72.1 73.0 977 1,482
  2008-09 135 1,908 25 824 84.4 69.8 70.6 1,000 1,525
  2009-10 151 1,959 40 967 79.1 67.0 67.7 947 1,491
  2010-11 134 1,856 42 1,149 76.1 61.8 62.6 970 1,591
  2011-12 249 2,491 64 1,443 79.6 63.3 64.5 0 0
  2012-13 289 2,821 72 1,416 80.1 66.6 67.6 14 21
  2013-14 246 2,826 52 1,274 82.6 68.9 69.8 39 47
  2014-15 295 3,026 51 1,283 85.3 70.2 71.3 38 45
  2015-16 287 3,097 52 1,079 84.7 74.2 75.0 86 90
  2016-17 395 3,449 47 1,042 89.4 76.8 77.9 80 83
Full Parole 2007-08 40 498 70 2,002 36.4 19.9 20.6 1,030 1,036
  2008-09 43 496 62 2,016 41.0 19.7 20.6 1,097 1,100
  2009-10 32 461 89 2,080 26.4 18.1 18.5 1,004 1,010
  2010-11 20 436 87 2,205 18.7 16.5 16.6 1,046 1,059
  2011-12 76 645 126 2,317 37.6 21.8 22.8 0 0
  2012-13 90 914 142 2,328 38.8 28.2 28.9 26 26
  2013-14 84 904 103 2,202 44.9 29.1 30.0 126 142
  2014-15 87 969 106 2,307 45.1 29.6 30.4 119 137
  2015-16 96 1,063 127 2,155 43.0 33.0 33.7 166 185
  2016-17 138 1,237 157 2,384 46.8 34.2 35.1 122 126

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to partici pate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half -way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advi ses the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole. Grant rates should be read with caution.

*On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded. However, the information on APR (the number of paroles directed and the total number of APR decisions) is presented in a separate section of the table. Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effe ct between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as a sufficiently large proportion of the APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

*As a result of court challenges, the Pacific Region (in 2012) and the Quebec Region (in 2013) have been processing active APR cases for offenders sentenced or convicted prior to the abolition of APR. Following the Canada (Attorney General) v. Whaling decision on March 20, 2014, the accelerated parole review process was reinstated across all regions for offenders sentenced p rior to the abolition of APR.

Federal day and full parole grant rates for Indigenous offenders increased

Figure D4

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR were excluded. Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as a sufficiently large proportion of the APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Federal day and full parole grant rates for Indigenous offenders increased

Table D4
Type of Release Year Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Number Granted/Denied
Number Granted Number Denied Grant Rate (%) Number Granted Number Denied Grant Rate (%)
Day Parole 2007-08 409 129 76.0 1,754 669 72.4 2,961
  2008-09 385 158 70.9 1,658 691 70.6 2,892
  2009-10 405 207 66.2 1,705 800 68.1 3,117
  2010-11 371 287 56.4 1,619 904 64.2 3,181
  2011-12 461 342 57.4 2,279 1,165 66.2 4,247
  2012-13 550 313 63.7 2,560 1,175 68.5 4,598
  2013-14 515 299 63.3 2,557 1,027 71.3 4,398
  2014-15 556 264 67.8 2,765 1,070 72.1 4,655
  2015-16 601 255 70.2 2,783 876 76.1 4,515
  2016-17 710 253 73.7 3,134 836 78.9 4,933
Full Parole 2007-08 83 359 18.8 455 1,713 21.0 2,610
  2008-09 73 392 15.7 466 1,686 21.7 2,617
  2009-10 50 406 11.0 443 1,763 20.1 2,662
  2010-11 71 476 13.0 385 1,816 17.5 2,748
  2011-12 75 461 14.0 646 1,982 24.6 3,164
  2012-13 100 465 17.7 904 2,005 31.1 3,474
  2013-14 122 418 22.6 866 1,887 31.5 3,293
  2014-15 105 444 19.1 951 1,969 32.6 3,469
  2015-16 137 428 24.2 1,022 1,854 35.5 3,441
  2016-17 153 464 24.8 1,222 2,077 37.0 3,916

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR were excluded. Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as a sufficiently large proportion of the APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

The number of federal parole hearings involving an Indigenous Cultural Advisor increased

Figure D5

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The presence of an Indigenous Cultural Advisor is an alternative approach to the traditional parole hearing, and was introduced by the Parole Board of Canada to ensure that conditional release hearings are sensitive to Indigenous cultural values and traditions. This type of hearing is available to both Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders.

The number of federal parole hearings involving an Indigenous Cultural Advisor increased

Table D5
  Hearings Held With an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor
Year Indigenous Offenders Non-Indigenous Offenders All Offenders
Total Hearings With Cultural Advisor Total Hearings With Cultural Advisor Total Hearings With Cultural Advisor
  # # % # # % # # %
2007-08 1,287 473 36.8 4,714 48 1.0 6,001 521 8.7
2008-09 1,240 425 34.3 4,380 53 1.2 5,620 478 8.5
2009-10 1,199 362 30.2 4,481 58 1.3 5,680 420 7.4
2010-11 1,226 440 35.9 4,354 51 1.2 5,580 491 8.8
2011-12 1,260 437 34.7 4,651 42 0.9 5,911 479 8.1
2012-13 1,288 435 33.8 4,677 46 1.0 5,965 481 8.1
2013-14 914 362 39.6 3,687 30 0.8 4,601 392 8.5
2014-15 873 364 41.7 3,845 44 1.1 4,718 408 8.6
2015-16 947 377 39.8 3,984 27 0.7 4,931 404 8.2
2016-17 1,288 560 43.5 4,506 43 1.0 5,794 603 10.4

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The presence of an Indigenous Cultural Advisor is an alternative approach to the traditional parole hearing, and was introduced by the Parole Board of Canada to ensure that conditional release hearings are sensitive to Indigenous cultural values and traditions. This type of hearing is available to both Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders.

Proportion of sentence served prior to being released on parole decreased

Figure D6

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole. These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences. Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at six months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Proportion of sentence served prior to being released on parole decreased

Table D6
Year Type of Supervision
First Federal Day Parole First Federal Full Parole
Women Men Total Women Men Total
  Percentage of Sentence Incarcerated
2007-08 30.3 32.3 32.1 37.9 38.4 38.4
2008-09 28.2 32.4 31.9 36.6 38.7 38.5
2009-10 29.5 33.2 32.8 36.1 38.5 38.2
2010-11 29.2 31.8 31.6 36.6 38.1 37.9
2011-12 35.0 38.1 37.8 40.3 41.7 41.6
2012-13 38.9 38.3 38.4 45.6 46.9 46.7
2013-14 34.9 38.3 38.0 44.2 46.8 46.6
2014-15 35.3 37.9 37.7 44.5 45.8 45.6
2015-16 36.9 38.7 38.5 45.1 46.6 46.5
2016-17 33.6 37.5 37.0 43.4 46.0 45.7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole. These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences. Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at six months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Indigenous offenders serve a higher proportion of their sentences before being released on parole

Figure D7

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at six months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Indigenous offenders serve a higher proportion of their sentences before being released on parole

Table D7
Year Type of Supervision
First Federal Day Parole First Federal Full Parole
Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
  Percentage of Sentence Incarcerated
2007-08 38.2 31.1 32.1 41.0 38.1 38.4
2008-09 38.4 31.0 31.9 41.0 38.2 38.5
2009-10 38.8 31.8 32.8 41.2 37.9 38.2
2010-11 37.3 30.8 31.6 41.6 37.5 37.9
2011-12 41.8 37.1 37.8 43.9 41.4 41.6
2012-13 42.2 37.6 38.4 49.2 46.5 46.7
2013-14 43.0 37.1 38.0 49.1 46.2 46.6
2014-15 40.9 37.1 37.7 47.1 45.5 45.6
2015-16 44.0 37.5 38.5 50.5 46.0 46.5
2016-17 40.8 36.2 37.0 49.0 45.3 45.7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at six months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

The Successful completion of federal day parole increased

Figure D8

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A day parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

The Successful completion of federal day parole increased

Table D8
Federal Day Parole Outcomes 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
  # % # % # % # % # %
Successful Completion
Regular 2,738 88.6 2,767 89.2 2,784 90.4 2,980 90.5 3,158 92.6
Accelerated 21 95.5 27 100.0 36 100.0 38 100.0 86 97.7
Total 2,759 88.6 2,794 89.3 2,820 90.5 3,018 90.6 3,244 92.7
Revocation for Breach of Conditions*
Regular 288 9.3 293 9.4 260 8.4 275 8.4 224 6.6
Accelerated 1 4.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 2.3
Total 289 9.3 293 9.4 260 8.3 275 8.3 226 6.5
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence
Regular 60 1.9 36 1.2 35 1.1 30 0.9 26 0.8
Accelerated 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 1.9 36 1.2 35 1.1 30 0.9 26 0.8
Revocation with Violent Offence**
Regular 6 0.2 6 0.2 1 <0.01 8 0.2 3 0.1
Accelerated 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 6 0.2 6 0.2 1 <0.01 8 0.2 3 0.1
Total
Regular 3,092 99.3 3,102 99.1 3,080 98.8 3,293 98.9 3,411 97.5
Accelerated 22 0.7 27 0.9 36 1.2 38 1.1 88 2.5
Total 3,114 100.0 3,129 100.0 3,116 100.0 3,331 100.0 3,499 100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

A day parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

**Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

The Successful completion of federal full parole increased

Figure D9

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Excludes offenders serving indeterminate sentences because they do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon [their] death.

**Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A full parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

The Successful completion of federal full parole increased

Table D9
Federal Day Parole Outcomes* 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
  # % # % # % # % # %
Successful Completion
Regular 424 79.8 579 81.9 734 86.9 758 87.6 842 89.9
Accelerated 589 89.0 246 93.2 97 87.4 95 86.4 88 88.0
Total 1,013 84.9 825 85.0 831 86.9 853 87.5 930 89.7
Revocation for Breach of Conditions**
Regular 76 14.3 90 12.7 78 9.2 77 8.9 70 7.5
Accelerated 49 7.4 12 4.5 12 10.8 12 10.9 11 11.0
Total 125 10.5 102 10.5 90 9.4 89 9.1 81 7.8
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence
Regular 25 4.7 30 4.2 32 3.8 25 2.9 22 2.3
Accelerated 23 3.5 5 1.9 2 1.8 3 2.7 1 1.0
Total 48 4.0 35 3.6 34 3.6 28 2.9 23 2.2
Revocation with Violent Offence***
Regular 6 1.1 8 1.1 1 0.1 5 0.6 3 0.3
Accelerated 1 0.2 1 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 7 0.6 9 0.9 1 0.1 5 0.5 3 0.3
Total
Regular 531 44.5 707 72.8 845 88.4 865 88.7 937 90.4
Accelerated 662 55.5 264 27.2 111 11.6 110 11.3 100 9.6
Total 1,193 100.0 971 100.0 956 100.0 975 100.0 1,037 100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Excludes offenders serving indeterminate sentences because they do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon [their] death.

**Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

***Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

A full parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

The Successful completion of statutory release increased

Figure D10

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A statutory release is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

An offender serving a determinate sentence, if he/she is not detained, will be subject to statutory release after serving 2/3 of his/her sentence if he/she is not on full parole at that time. On statutory release, an offender is subject to supervision until the end of his/her sentence.

The Successful completion of statutory release increased

Table D10
Statutory Release Outcomes 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
  # % # % # % # % # %
Successful Completion 3,734 60.0 3,808 61.4 3,769 63.0 3,784 62.9 3,759 67.4
Revocation for Breach of Conditions* 1,844 29.6 1,742 28.1 1,651 27.6 1,684 28.0 1,446 25.9
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence 514 8.3 532 8.6 479 8.0 462 7.7 323 5.8
Revocation with Violent Offence** 134 2.2 117 1.9 86 1.4 82 1.4 47 0.8
Total 6,226 100.0 6,199 100.0 5,985 100.0 6,012 100.0 5,575 100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

**Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

A statutory release is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

An offender serving a determinate sentence, if he/she is not detained, will be subject to statutory release after serving 2/3 of his/her sentence if he/she is not on full parole at that time. On statutory release, an offender is subject to supervision until the end of his/her sentence.

Over the past decade, the rate of violent convictions for offenders while under supervision has declined

Figure D11

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole, statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are unlawfully at large.

**Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

The dotted line between 2015-16 and 2016-17 is intended to signify that due to delays in the court process, these numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end.

Over the past decade, the rate of violent convictions for offenders while under supervision has declined

Table D11
Year # of Offenders Convicted for Violent Offences*** Rate per 1,000 Supervised Offenders*
Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release Total Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release
2006-07 25 21 214 260 19 6 68
2007-08 18 23 213 254 14 6 68
2008-09 22 17 153 192 18 4 46
2009-10 17 16 149 182 13 4 46
2010-11 10 19 128 157 8 5 39
2011-12 8 10 135 153 6 3 38
2012-13 6 11 134 151 5 3 38
2013-14 6 10 117 133 5 3 33
2014-15 1 2 86 89 1 1 24
2015-16 8 7 82 97 6 2 23
2016-17** 3 5 47 55 2 1 13

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole, statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are unlawfully at large.

**Due to delays in the court processes, the numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end. Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

***Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

The number of offenders granted temporary absences

Figure D12

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A temporary absence is permission given to an eligible offender to be away from the normal place of confinement for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, personal development for rehabilitative purposes, or compassionate reasons, including parental responsibilities.

A work release is a structured program of release of specified duration for work or community service outside the penitentiary, under the supervision of a staff member or other authorized person or organization.

These numbers depict the number of offenders who received at least one temporary absence permit (excluding those for medical purposes) or at least one work release. An offender may be granted more than one temporary absence permit or work release over a period of time.

The number of offenders granted temporary absences

Table D12
Year Temporary Absences Work Releases
Escorted Unescorted
  # of Offenders # of Permits # of Offenders # of Permits # of Offenders # of Permits
2007-08 2,510 41,517 465 3,697 308 651
2008-09 2,336 36,147 432 3,659 243 663
2009-10 2,222 35,816 388 3,295 254 1,063
2010-11 2,301 40,074 353 3,117 339 1,343
2011-12 2,685 44,399 418 3,891 435 875
2012-13 2,755 47,820 448 3,709 455 815
2013-14 2,740 49,502 447 4,004 400 643
2014-15 2,569 49,630 411 3,563 345 489
2015-16 2,424 47,089 445 4,079 304 418
2016-17 2,566 48,773 444 3,802 325 485

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A temporary absence is permission given to an eligible offender to be away from the normal place of confinement for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, personal development for rehabilitative purposes, or compassionate reasons, including parental responsibilities.

A work release is a structured program of release of specified duration for work or community service outside the penitentiary, under the supervision of a staff member or other authorized person or organization.

These numbers depict the number of offenders who received at least one temporary absence permit (excluding those for medical purposes) or at least one work release. An offender may be granted more than one temporary absence permit or work release over a period of time.

Section E: Statistics on Special Applications of Criminal Justice

The number of initial detention reviews decreased

Figure E1

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, an offender entitled to statutory release after serving two-thirds of the sentence may be held in custody until warrant expiry if it is established that the offender is likely to commit, before the expiry of his/her sentence, an offence causing death or serious harm, a serious drug offence or a sex offence involving a child.

The number of initial detention reviews decreased

Table E1
  Outcome of Initial Detention Reviews  
Year Detained Statutory Release Total Total
Ind. Non-Ind. Total % Ind. Non-Ind. Total % Ind. Non-Ind.
2002-03 82 163 245 86.3 14 25 39 13.7 96 188 284
2003-04 74 205 279 92.1 8 16 24 7.9 82 221 303
2004-05 71 154 225 91.1 6 16 22 8.9 77 170 247
2005-06 76 157 233 89.3 11 17 28 10.7 87 174 261
2006-07 64 158 222 88.8 4 24 28 11.2 68 182 250
2007-08 88 159 247 93.2 7 11 18 6.8 95 170 265
2008-09 106 150 256 95.9 5 6 11 4.1 111 156 267
2009-10 99 162 261 93.9 2 15 17 6.1 101 177 278
2010-11 114 125 239 94.5 5 9 14 5.5 119 134 253
2011-12 88 119 207 96.7 3 4 7 3.3 91 123 214
2012-13 92 140 232 98.3 4 0 4 1.7 96 140 236
2013-14 84 116 200 96.2 4 4 8 3.8 88 120 208
2014-15 68 96 164 94.3 5 5 10 5.7 73 101 174
2015-16 73 94 167 96.5 2 4 6 3.5 75 98 173
2016-17 56 75 131 97.0 2 2 4 3.0 58 77 135
Total 1,235 2,073 3,308 93.2 82 158 240 6.8 1,317 2,231 3,548

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, an offender entitled to statutory release after serving two-thirds of the sentence may be held in custody until warrant expiry if it is established that the offender is likely to commit, before the expiry of his/her sentence, an offence causing death or serious harm, a serious drug offence or a sex offence involving a child.

76% of Judicial Review Hearings Result in Earlier Parole Eligibility

Figure E2

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Of the 46 offenders no longer under active supervision, seven were in custody, 32 were deceased, six were deported, and one was temporarily detained. Judicial review is an application to the court for a reduction in the time required to be served before being eligible for parole. Judicial review procedures apply to offenders who committed the offences prior to December 2, 2011 and have been sentenced to imprisonment for life without eligibility for parole for 15 years or more. Judicial reviews exclude offenders convicted of more than one murder. Eligible offenders can apply for a reduction in parole ineligibility when they have served at least 15 years of their sentence..

Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

76% of Judicial Review Hearings Result in Earlier Parole Eligibility

Table E2
Province/Territory of Judicial Review Parole Ineligibility Reduced by Court Reduction Denied by Court Total
1st Degree Murder 2nd Degree Murder 1st Degree Murder 2nd Degree Murder 1st Degree Murder 2nd Degree murder
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yukon 0 0 0 0 0 0
Newfoundland & Labrador 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 1 1 1 0 2 1
New Brunswick 1 0 0 0 1 0
Quebec 72 15 5 2 77 17
Ontario 23 0 27 1 50 1
Manitoba 8 3 1 0 9 3
Saskatchewan 7 0 3 0 10 0
Alberta 19 0 7 1 26 1
British Columbia 22 1 6 0 28 1
Sub-total 153 20 50 4 203 24
Total 173 54 227

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These numbers represent total decisions at the end of fiscal year 2016-17.

Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

The Number of Dangerous Offender Designations

Figure E3

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The number of Dangerous Offenders designated per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as "active"; however, they are still represented in the above graph, which depicts the total number of offenders "designated". Dangerous Offender legislation came into effect in Canada on October 15, 1977, replacing the Habitual Offender and Dangerous Sexual Offender provisions that were abolished. A Dangerous Offender (DO) is an individual given an indeterminate or determinate sentence on the basis of a particularly violent crime or pattern of serious violent offences where it is judged that the offender's behaviour is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint (see section 753 of the Criminal Code of Canada). Determinate sentences for Dangerous Offenders must be a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years and have an order that the offender be subject to a long-term supervision period that does not exceed 10 years. In addition to the DOs, there were 16 Dangerous Sexual Offenders and four Habitual Offenders under the responsibility of CSC at the end of fiscal year 2016-17.

The Number of Dangerous Offender Designations

Table E3
Province/Territory of Designation All Designations

(# Designated Since 1978)

Active Dangerous Offenders
# of Indeterminate Offenders # of Determinate Offenders Total
Newfoundland & Labrador 12 7 1 8
Nova Scotia 23 18 1 19
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 8 4 0 4
Quebec 107 85 13 98
Ontario 355 249 50 299
Manitoba 25 23 1 24
Saskatchewan 90 53 26 79
Alberta 64 52 3 55
British Columbia 151 111 10 121
Yukon 8 2 6 8
Northwest Territories 9 9 0 9
Nunavut 2 1 1 2
Province unknown 1 0 1 1
Total 855 614 113 727

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Numbers presented are as of end of fiscal year 2016-17.

The number of Dangerous Offenders declared per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as "active"; however, they are still represented in the total number of offenders "designated".

Most Long Term Supervision Orders are for a 10-year Period

Figure E4

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Long Term Supervision Order (LTSO) legislation, which came into effect in Canada on August 1, 1997, allows the court to impose a sentence of two years or more for the predicate offence and order that the offender be supervised in the community for a further period not exceeding 10 years.

Sixty eight offenders under these provisions have died and 180 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

Remand is a temporary detention of a person while awaiting trial, sentencing, or the commencement of a custodial disposition.

Most Long Term Supervision Orders are for a 10-year Period

Table E4
Province or Territory of Order Length of Supervision Order (Years) Current Status
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Incarcerated DP, FP or SR* LTSO period LTSO** interrupted Total
Newfoundland & Labrador 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9 10 4 0 4 0 8
Nova Scotia 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 1 0 13 20 2 1 9 1 13
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 8 11 3 0 3 1 7
Quebec 1 1 6 2 61 17 39 11 1 238 377 109 18 140 20 287
Ontario 0 0 0 6 20 10 20 21 0 249 326 73 5 144 21 243
Manitoba 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 0 36 43 9 0 12 4 25
Saskatchewan 0 1 0 1 11 9 14 11 1 63 111 44 4 21 16 85
Alberta 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 1 0 65 75 21 1 20 7 49
British Columbia 0 0 0 2 13 4 5 6 0 109 139 30 6 57 6 99
Yukon 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 15 19 6 1 7 2 16
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 1 3
Nunavut 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 3 7 1 0 4 0 5
Total 1 2 7 11 125 45 85 55 2 811 1,144 302 36 423 79 840

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*This category includes offenders whose current status is either supervised on day parole (DP), full parole (FP) or statutory release (SR).

**This category includes offenders convicted of a new offence while on the supervision portion of an LTSO. When this occurs, the LTSO supervision period is interrupted until the offender has served the new sentence to its warrant expiry date. At that time, the LTSO supervision period resumes where it left off. Of the 79 offenders, 65 were in custody, 13 were supervised in the community on statutory release, and one offender was unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

These numbers are as of end of fiscal year 2016-17.

Sixty eight offenders under these provisions have died and 180 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

The Number of Record Suspension Applications Received has Decreased

Figure E5

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The number of record suspension applications received and accepted in 2012-13 should be considered with caution as the Record Suspension Program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010-11 and 2012-13.

On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term "pardon" with the term "record suspension". The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension

The Number of Record Suspension Applications Received has Decreased

Table E5
  2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Record Suspension Applications Processed
Applications Received 19,526 14,253 12,415 12,384 11,563
Applications Accepted 11,527 9,624 9,071 8,917 8,191
Percentage Accepted 59.0 67.5 73.1 72.0 70.8
Record Suspensions
Ordered 6,022 8,511 8,422 8,428 8,340
Refused 203 772 726 525 439
Total Ordered/Refused 6,225 9,283 9,148 8,953 8,779
Percentage Ordered 96.7 91.7 92.1 94.1 95.0
Pardons
Granted 612 8,265 5,625 1,628 3,740
Denied 128 581 681 349 125
Total Granted/Denied 740* 8,846* 6,306* 1,977* 3,865*
Percentage Granted 82.7 93.4 89.2 82.3 96.8
Pardon/Record Suspension Revocations/Cessations
Revocations** 987 669 438 670 501
Cessations 705 589 578 636 776
Total Revocations/Cessations 1,692 1,258 1,016 1,306 1,277
Cumulative Granted/Issued and Ordered*** 463,234 480,010 494,057 504,113 516,193
Cumulative Revocations/Cessations*** 21,063 22,321 23,337 24,643 25,920

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Refers to pardon applications received on or before March 12, 2012.

The number of record suspension applications received and accepted in 2012-13 should be considered with caution as the Record Suspension Program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010-11 and 2012-13. The grant/issued rate for pardon applications processed in 2012/13 should be considered with caution. The Record Suspension program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010-11 and 2012-13.

**Revocations fluctuate due to resource re-allocation to deal with backlogs.

***Cumulative data reflects activity since 1970, when the pardon process was established under the Criminal Records Act.

On June 29, 2010, Bill C-23A amended the CRA by extending the ineligibility periods for certain applications for pardon. Additionally, the bill resulted in significant ch anges to program operations. The process was modified to include additional inquiries and new, more exhaustive investigations by staff for som e applications and required additional review time by Board members. New concepts of merit and disrepute to the administration of justice form part of the statute. As a result of these new changes, application processing time increased. On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term "pardon" with the term "record suspension". The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Indiv iduals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

Section F: Victims of Crime

Victimization rates for theft of personal property have decreased

Figure F1

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: General Social Survey, Statistics Canada, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014.

Note:

Updated data were not available during the preparation of this report.

*Assault data includes incidents of spousal violence. In previous editions of this document, the victimization data excluded incidents of spousal violence.

Rates are based on 1,000 population, 15 years of age and older, across the 10 provinces.

Victimization rates for theft of personal property have decreased

Table F1
Type of Incident Year
1999 2004 2009 2014
Theft of Personal Property 75 93 108 73
Sexual Assault 21 21 24 22
Robbery 9 11 13 6
Assault* 80 75 80 48

Source: General Social Survey, Statistics Canada, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014.

Note:

Updated data were not available during the preparation of this report.

*Assault data includes incidents of spousal violence. In previous editions of this document, the victimization data excluded incidents of spousal violence.

Rates are based on 1,000 population, 15 years of age and older, across the 10 provinces.

The majority of victims of violent crime are under age 30

Figure F2

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Updated data were not available during the preparation of this report.

*Population estimates are as of July 1, 2010.

The data excludes traffic violations, victims whose age is above 89, victims whose age is unknown and victims whose gender is unknown. Due to rounding, totals may not add up to 100 percent.

The majority of victims of violent crime are under age 30

Table F2 (2012)
Age of Victim  Men Women Total
  # % # % # %
0 to 4 years 1,761 1.0 2,053 1.1 3,814 1.1
5 to 9 years 3,803 2.2 3,724 2.0 7,527 2.1
10 to 14 years 11,716 6.7 12,109 6.5 23,825 6.6
15 to 19 years 25,294 14.4 27,674 14.9 52,968 14.6
20 to 24 years 24,712 14.1 29,380 15.8 54,092 15.0
25 to 29 years 21,477 12.2 23,897 12.9 45,374 12.5
30 to 34 years 17,282 9.8 20,001 10.8 37,283 10.3
35 to 39 years 14,829 8.4 17,403 9.4 32,232 8.9
40 to 44 years 14,607 8.3 15,456 8.3 30,063 8.3
45 to 49 years 13,568 7.7 13,038 7.0 26,606 7.4
50 to 54 years 10,965 6.2 9,051 4.9 20,016 5.5
55 to 59 years 6,983 4.0 5,149 2.8 12,132 3.4
60 to 64 years 4,081 2.3 2,792 1.5 6,873 1.9
65 to 69 years 2,321 1.3 1,605 0.9 3,926 1.1
70 to 74 years 1,128 0.6 977 0.5 2,105 0.6
75 and over 1,228 0.7 1,507 0.8 2,735 0.8
Total 175,755 100.0 185,816 100.0 361,571 100.0

Source: Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Updated data were not available during the preparation of this report.

The data excludes traffic violations, victims whose age is above 89, victims whose age is unknown and victims whose gender is unknown.

Due to rounding, totals may not add up to 100 percent.

The majority of victims receiving services are victims of violent crime

Figure F3

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Victim Services in Canada, 2009/2010; Victim Services in Canada 2011/2012; Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Updated data were not available during the preparation of this report.

Victim services are defined as agencies that provide direct services to primary or secondary victims of crime, and that are funded in whole or in part by a ministry responsible for justice matters. Survey respondents included 684 victim service providers.

The majority of victims receiving services are victims of violent crime

Table F3
Type of Crime Gender of Victim
Women Men Not Reported Total
Snapshot on May 27, 2010 # % # % # % # %
Homicide 154 2.4 70 3.3 3 0.5 227 2.5
Other offences causing death 95 1.5 77 3.7 8 1.4 180 2.0
Sexual assault 1,922 30.0 379 18.1 160 28.3 2,461 27.1
Other violent offences 3,323 51.8 917 43.8 262 46.4 4,502 49.6
Other criminal offences* 496 7.7 357 17.0 73 12.9 926 10.2
Other incidents** 421 6.6 295 14.1 59 10.4 775 8.5
Total without unknown 6,411 100.0 2,095 100.0 565 100.0 9,071 100.0
Unknown type of crime 197 81 113 391
Total 6,608 2,176 678 9,462
Snapshot on May 24, 2012 # % # % # % # %
Homicide 179 2.6 126 5.3 3 0.9 308 3.2
Other offences causing death 90 1.3 47 2.0 0 0.0 137 1.4
Sexual assault 2,105 30.2 356 15.1 37 11.6 2,498 25.9
Other violent offences 3,461 49.7 1,103 46.8 179 56.1 4,743 49.2
Other criminal offences* 676 9.7 507 21.5 66 20.7 1,249 13.0
Other incidents** 448 6.4 220 9.3 34 10.7 702 7.3
Total without unknown 6,959 100.0 2,359 100.0 319 100.0 9,637 100.0
Unknown type of crime 310 81 636 1,027
Total 7,269 2,440 955 10,664

Source: Victim Services in Canada, 2009/2010; Victim Services in Canada 2011/2012; Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Updated data were not available during the preparation of this report.

*Other criminal offences include arson, property crimes, traffic offences, and other Criminal Code offences.

**Other incidents include those of a non-criminal nature as well as those that are still under investigation to determine if they are criminal offences.

Victim services are defined as agencies that provide direct services to primary or secondary victims of crime, and that are funded in whole or in part by a ministry responsible for justice matters. Survey respondents included 684 victim service providers.

The number of victims registered with the federal correctional system has increased

Figure F4

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**A notification is a contact with a registered victim, by phone or mail, to provide information to which sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act entitles them.

Data current up to the end of fiscal year 2015-16.

The number of victims registered with the federal correctional system has increased

Table F4
Year Number of Offenders with Registered Victims Number of Registered Victims* Number of Notifications** to Registered Victims
2006-07 3,147 4,979 13,829
2007-08 3,295 5,294 16,281
2008-09 3,412 5,816 28,069
2009-10 3,509 6,366 37,471
2010-11 3,726 6,940 41,986
2011-12 3,824 7,322 46,689
2012-13 3,935 7,585 51,379
2013-14 4,017 7,838 51,722
2014-15 4,053 7,929 54,689
2015-16 4,144 8,303 51,185

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**A notification is a contact with a registered victim, by phone or mail, to provide information to which sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act entitles them.

Data current up to the end of fiscal year 2015-16.

Offences causing death are the most common type of offence** that harmed the victims registered* with Correctional Service Canada

Figure F5

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**Some victims were harmed by more than one offence, therefore the number of Offences of Victimization are higher than the number of Registered Victims. The percentages in the table represent the number of registered victims who were harmed by that offence and do not add up to 100%.

Offences causing death are the most common type of offence** that harmed the victims registered* with Correctional Service Canada

Table F5
Type of Offence**

That Harmed Victim*

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
# % # % # % # % # %
Offences Causing Death 4,056 55.4 4,292 56.6 4,533 57.8 5,432 68.5 6,151 74.1
Sexual Offences 2,114 28.9 2,169 28.6 2,237 28.5 2,493 31.4 2,817 33.9
Assaults 998 13.6 965 12.7 941 12.0 1,178 14.9 1,401 16.9
Involving Violence or Threats 707 9.7 710 9.4 720 9.2 849 10.7 706 8.5
Property Crimes 534 7.3 551 7.3 541 6.9 617 7.8 558 6.7
Other Offences 452 6.2 441 5.8 475 6.1 583 7.4 377 4.5
Deprivation of Freedom 272 3.7 281 3.7 249 3.2 330 4.2 157 1.9
Attempts to Cause Death 241 3.3 246 3.2 283 3.6 299 3.8 318 3.8
Driving Offences 125 1.7 152 2.0 153 2.0 163 2.1 157 1.9
Offence Not Recorded 6 0.1 4 0.1 9 0.1 85 1.1 0 0
Total Number of Victims** 7,322 7,585 7,838 7,929 8,303

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**Some victims were harmed by more than one offence, therefore the number of Offences of Victimization are higher than the number of Registered Victims. The percentages in the table represent the number of registered victims who were harmed by that offence and do not add up to 100%.

Temporary absence information is the most common type of information provided in a notification to registered victims* with Correctional Service Canada

Figure F6

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Temporary Absence information includes information on unescorted and escorted temporary absences and work release. Conditional Release information includes information regarding day and full parole, statutory release, suspensions, detention, and long-term supervision orders. Sentencing information includes information on the offender's sentence, offender information, warrant expiry date, judicial review, and public domain.

Disclosure means a type of information identified in section 26 of the CCRA that has been disclosed to a registered victim during a notification.

As of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6, Correctional Services Canada now provides information to some victims who are not registered which requires providing information to family members of murdered victims where the offender is still eligible to apply for Judicial Review including when the offender does not apply for a Judicial Review within the allotted time period, as well as the next date the offender can apply. Notification to unregistered victims are excluded for the data.

*In order to register to receive information under section 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2 or subsection 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**In 2012, Bill C10 expanded the types of information that could be disclosed to victims. These types now include information on reintegration programs taken by offenders and disciplinary offences committed by offenders.

Data current up to the end of fiscal year 2015-16.

Temporary absence information is the most common type of information provided in a notification to registered victims* with Correctional Service Canada

Table F6
Information 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Temporary Absences 75,848 93,609 100,934 96,131 89,866
Travel Permits 10,877 28,763 34,294 34,501 31,176
Institutional Location 6,859 14,434 17,495 16,242 13,127
Program & Disciplinary Offence Information**   11,208 14,826 16,790 13,092
Conditional Release 10,870 11,803 12,318 13,253 15,055
Sentencing Information 16,268 12,813 10,333 10,792 12,246
Custody 2,414 2,569 2,476 2,423 3,536
TOTAL 123,136 175,199 192,676 190,132 178,098

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Temporary Absence information includes information on unescorted and escorted temporary absences and work release. Conditional Release information includes information regarding day and full parole, statutory release, suspensions, detention, and long-term supervision orders. Sentencing information includes information on the offender's sentence, offender information, warrant expiry date, judicial review, and public domain.

Disclosure means a type of information identified in section 26 of the CCRA that has been disclosed to a registered victim during a notification.

As of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6, Correctional Services Canada now provides information to some victims who are not registered which requires providing information to family members of murdered victims where the offender is still eligible to apply for Judicial Review including when the offender does not apply for a Judicial Review within the allotted time period, as well as the next date the offender can apply. Notification to unregistered victims are excluded for the data.

*In order to register to receive information under section 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2 or subsection 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**In 2012, Bill C10 expanded the types of information that could be disclosed to victims. These types now include information on reintegration programs taken by offenders and disciplinary offences committed by offenders.

Data current up to the end of fiscal year 2015-16.

Parole Board of Canada contacts with victims has increased

Figure F7

Detailed information can be found in the surrounding text.

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

**Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, resulted in changes to the categories of victims defined in section 2 of the CCRA. An actual victim is a person who survived a crime 2(1). If the person is dead, ill or otherwise incapacitated, a) a spouse/common law 2(1)(a), b) a relative/dependant 2(1)(b), c) anyone who is responsible for the care of the person 2(1)(c), d) anyone who is responsible for the care of a dependant of the person 2(1)(d) are considered as victims. If physical or emotional harm was done to a person as a result of the offender's act, whether or not the offender is prosecuted or convicted of the act, and if the person made a complaint to the police or the Crown attorney, the person is recognized as a victim per CCRA 26 (3) and 142(3).

Parole Board of Canada contacts with victims has increased

Table F7
Year Total Number of Contacts*
2002-03 14,270
2003-04 15,263
2004-05 15,479
2005-06 16,711
2006-07 21,434
2007-08 20,457
2008-09 20,039
2009-10 22,181
2010-11 22,483
2011-12 21,449
2012-13 22,475
2013-14 22,323
2014-15 27,191
2015-16 29,771
2016-17 32,786

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

**Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, resulted in changes to the categories of victims defined in section 2 of the CCRA. An actual victim is a person who survived a crime 2(1). If the person is dead, ill or otherwise incapacitated, a) a spouse/common law 2(1)(a), b) a relative/dependant 2(1)(b), c) anyone who is responsible for the care of the person 2(1)(c), d) anyone who is responsible for the care of a dependant of the person 2(1)(d) are considered as victims. If physical or emotional harm was done to a person as a result of the offender's act, whether or not the offender is prosecuted or convicted of the act, and if the person made a complaint to the police or the Crown attorney, the person is recognized as a victim per CCRA 26 (3) and 142(3).

Questionnaire

In order to improve the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview, we are asking our readers to complete the following voluntary questionnaire.

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Please return completed questionnaires to:

Portfolio Corrections Statistics Committee

Public Safety Canada

340 Laurier Avenue West, 12th Floor

Ottawa, Ontario

K1A 0P8

Telephone: 613-946-9994

Fax: 613-990-8295

E-mail: ps.csccbresearch-recherchsscrc.sp@canada.ca


For further information, please visit:

Correctional Service Canada

Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Parole Board of Canada

Office of the Correctional Investigator

Public Safety Canada

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